Incazelo nezici
Ububanzi bezilwane ezincelisayo, ezomndeni wama-mustelids, akunzima kangako ukubala. Ngokushesha nje lapho kufanele ucabangele inethiwekhi yamanzi angenasawoti ebalazweni lezwe lethu futhi unqume izindawo ezinamahlathi ezingahlali muntu lapho kutholakala khona izinhlanzi ngobuningi. Yilapho lezi zidalwa kumele ngabe zazithola isiphephelo.
Futhi akumangazi, ngoba izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo zingenye yamalungu anomusa weqembu elithakazelisayo kakhulu lezilwane zasemhlabeni, ezibizwa ngokuthi: izidalwa ezinamanzi amancane. Ngakho-ke, lezi zilwane zihlala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile, zihlala ikakhulu osebeni lwemifula namachibi.
Futhi ukwakheka kwawo ngokomzimba kuhambisana ngokuphelele nendlela yokuphila yalezo zidalwa zemvelo, okufanele zibhukude futhi zitshube kakhulu futhi ngokuphelele.
Umfula ovamile otter – isilwane inkulu kakhulu, imvamisa ifinyelela isisindo esilinganiselwa ku-10 kg. Ubukhulu bomzimba wayo omncane, obude kakhulu futhi obuguquguqukayo, obuhlelwe kalula bunesiqingatha semitha, futhi kwesinye isikhathi buba cishe yimitha ubude.
I-otter inomzimba omude ovumelana nezimo
Imininingwane ephawulekayo yokubonakala kwe-otter umsila wayo omkhulu. Cishe uhhafu wobude bomzimba, ubanzi esisekelweni bese uthinta ngasemaphethelweni awo. Isilwane sibukeka njengesigaxa ngenxa yemilenze emifushane, phakathi kwezinzwani zazo, njenganoma yimuphi umuntu omele izilwane ochitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, kukhona ulwelwesi lokubhukuda.
Intamo yinde impela, kepha ikhanda kuyo lincane ngokungenakuqhathaniswa, ngenkathi licwecwe futhi lincane. Zonke izici ama-otters esithombeni kubonakala kuyo yonke imininingwane.
Izitho zombono walezi zilwane zitshaliwe ukuze kuthi ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, amanzi angene kuzo ngokungavamile ngangokunokwenzeka, okwenza kube nzima ukubona. Ngakho-ke, amehlo e-otter abheke phezulu naphambili. Ngesizathu esifanayo, izidalwa ezinjalo zimboza izindlebe zazo ngezidladla zazo ngenkathi zihamba emanzini, zivikela imisele ezwayo.
Njengezidalwa eziningi zasemanzini, ama-otter anezintambo ezinyaweni.
Uboya be-otter bukhethekile: bufushane, kepha bunobukhulu futhi bumangele, ngasikhathi sinye abumanzi, yingakho inempahla leyo imvelo enikeze izidalwa ezihlala endaweni eseduze nomphezulu wamanzi. Umbala woboya babo bunsundu nge-silvery tint, kwesinye isikhathi ithoni yoboya ingaba lula, nemilenze ensundu emnyama imile ngokuqhamuka ngemuva.
Isakhiwo sezinwele sishintsha njalo entwasahlobo nasekwindla, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngezikhathi zokuchitha. FUTHI ubusika otter inengubo ende ende ebonakalayo kunasehlobo.
Uboya balezi zilwane abukhethekile kuphela, kepha buhlala isikhathi eside futhi buhle, ngaphandle kwalokho, buyamangalisa ukugqokwa, ngokujiya phansi. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula izikhumba zezilwane, izilwane ezibulewe, nguyena, okungukuthi, ingxenye ethambile yoboya ihlala ngemuva kokususwa kwezinwele ezihhadlile.
Izingubo zoboya nezinye izinto zekhabethe ezenziwe ngezinto ezinjalo, ngakho-ke, azinzima, njengezikhumba ze-otter ezingalashwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, azilahlekelwa yizimfanelo zazo amashumi amaningi eminyaka.
Ngalesi sizathu, uboya obunjalo buyigugu kakhulu. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngezikhumba zama-otter asolwandle nezilwane zalolu hlobo oluhlala e-Alaska. Futhi akumangazi, uma kubhekwa okubhaliwe ukuthi ukubulawa okungalawulwa kwabanikazi koboya obubaluleke kangaka kunciphise kakhulu inani labo labantu.
ERussia, izilwane ezinjalo zihlala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisenyakatho ezinzima, ezingafaneleki kahle. Uma sicabanga ngezwekazi laseYurophu, khona-ke kunezilwane eziningi eNetherlands naseSwitzerland.
Zitholakala eNyakatho ne-Afrika, kanye nasezwenikazi lase-Asia. Kodwa-ke, e-Antarctica nase-Australia, abekho phakathi kwabamele izilwane zasendaweni.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubhujiswa okukhulu kwezilwane ezinjalo, uhla lwe-otter oluvamile lwalubaluleke kakhulu, lusakazeka kabanzi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yomhlaba, futhi kulo lonke elase-Asia lwafika eJapane naseSri Lanka.
Izinhlobo ze-Otter
Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziyi-13 ziyaziwa kuhlobo lwe-otters, kepha empeleni ziyi-12 kuphela zazo ezikhona emhlabeni. Lesi simo sithuthukile ngemuva kokuqothulwa okuphelele kolunye lwezinhlobonhlobo - isiJapane. Iningi lama-otter ngama-otter asemifuleni. Kepha kukhona nama-otter asolwandle, kanye nalabo abakhetha ukuphila emhlabeni futhi abachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi lapho.
Ngaphezulu, kuchazwa i-otter ejwayelekile kuphela. Manje ake sibheke ezinye izinhlobo.
1. ISumatran otter uhlala ezwenikazi lase-Asia engxenyeni yalo eseningizimu-mpumalanga. Kuhlala emahlathini omango, emaxhaphozini, emachibini, ezindaweni ezingezansi zemifula kanye nasemifuleni yezintaba. Isici sesici sezilwane ezinjalo ikhala, eligcwele izinwele, ngokungafani nengxenye efanayo yomzimba kwezinye izinhlobo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, umehluko mncane. Isisindo sezilwane ezinjalo ngokuvamile asidluli ku-7 kg. Kodwa ubukhulu bomzimba ohlanganisiwe bufinyelela ku-1.3 m. Ijazi ngemuva linombala onsundu onsundu, ingaphansi lilula, uzipho luqinile, ulwelwesi lokubhukuda lukhule kahle kakhulu.
2. I-otter asiatic engenasici uhlala e-Indonesia nase-Indochina, okuvame ukumila izimpande emasimini elayisi agcwala amanzi, futhi-ke, atholakala osebeni lwemifula. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-otters, lena yiyona encane kunazo zonke, lokho kuyisici sayo.
Ubukhulu babantu abadala ngokuvamile abudluli amasentimitha angama-45. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzipho ezisezidladleni zalezi zilwane zikhona lapho ziseyizinsana kuphela. Uboya babo abunakuba nsundu kuphela noma bube mnyama kancane, kepha futhi buba beige, futhi bukhanye. Izimbungulu azithuthukisiwe kahle.
3. I-otter enkulu (obizwa nangokuthi iBrazil). Izidalwa ezinjalo zihlala esizindeni sase-Amazon futhi zihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ubukhulu bezidalwa ezinjalo, kufaka phakathi ubude bomsila, cishe bu-2 m, futhi ubukhulu bungadlula ama-20 kg. Zinezidladla ezijiyile, ezinkulu ezinamazipho nolwelwesi olwenziwe kahle.
Uboya be-Otter kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kumnyama, kumakwe izithende zikakhilimu. Kubhekwa njengokuyigugu kakhulu, lapho laba bameleli bezilwane besengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuzingelwa ngokweqile kwabo, okwenziwa esikhathini esithile esidlule. Namuhla lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoluyivelakancane phakathi kwezihlobo zalo.
Ungahlukanisa i-otter enkulu kusuka kwabanye ngendawo ye-beige esifubeni.
4. I-otter yekati iyisilwane sasolwandle, ngaphezu kwalokho, ayifundwanga kangako. Itholakala ikakhulu e-Argentina, ePeru naseChile. Phakathi kwezihlobo, ama-otter anjalo abhekwa njengokude kakhulu kunawo wonke, afinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kuka-6 kg njalo. Lolu hlobo nalo luvikelwe futhi aluvamile.
Kukhona ama-otter alolu hlobo ahlala eduze kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokuvamile, lezi zidalwa zithanda ukuhlala ezinqabeni ezigcwele ulwelwe, emiseleni nasemachibini anogu olunamadwala. Bahlukaniswa ngomlomo omfushane obanzi ohlotshiswe nge- "sideburns". Imilenze yabo yangemuva, njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-otter, yinde kunaleyo yangaphambili.
Isihlobo esiseduze sama-otter yi-otter yasolwandle, engowomndeni ofanayo wama-mustelids. Ngibiza nezilwane ezinjalo ngama-beavers aseKamchatka. Laba bameleli bezilwane bathakazelisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa kwabo nokuphila emanzini olwandle.
Ngaphezu kwesifunda seMpumalanga Ekude kanye nezifunda eziseduze eziboniswe egameni, i-otter yasolwandle ihlala eziqhingini zase-Aleutian, isatshalaliswa kakhulu kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika ogwini lolwandle olusentshonalanga, kusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuze kufike e-Alaska.
Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo bakhulu ngosayizi futhi bangafinyelela isisindo somzimba esingu-36 kg. Uboya balezi zilwane buhlukaniswa ngesakhiwo esiminyene nesiminyene. Izilwane ezinjalo zihlala zigcina ukuhlanzeka kwazo ngokucophelela nangokucophelela. Ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu yezinwele, inani le-otter yasolwandle lithinteke kakhulu. Njengamanje, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezinqala ukuvikela lezi zidalwa.
I-otter yasolwandle yezilwane engajwayelekile ibizwa nge-sea otter
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Umfula otterohlala ezifundeni zase-Europe ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele, kufaka phakathi ubukhulu beRussia, uncamela ukuhlala eduze nogu lwaleyo mifula yehlathi ecebile ngezidalwa eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu. Futhi lapha ukhetha ikakhulukazi izindawo ezinama-rapids namachibi, ukuze amanzi angaqhwa ebusika.
Vele, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esidalweni esichitha impilo yaso yonke emanzini. Ngalesi sizathu, izilwane ezihlala kulezi zifunda zezulu azithandi ukuhlala emachibini nasemachibini amancane, ambozwa kalula uqweqwe lweqhwa ngisho nasemakhazeni amancane.
Amabhange emifula lapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezinjalo, njengomthetho, ayamagquma futhi ayemaweni, embozwe iziphepho zomoya. Kuku-biotopes anjalo ukuthi kuhlala kunezindawo zokukhosela ezanele ngokwanele, lapho ngendlela ethembeke kakhulu kungenzeka ukufihla imingxuma embiwa yizilwane ngamehlo angenamusa, umnyango okumele ubekwe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi, ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, lezi zilwane zikhetha imihume engasogwini.
Ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha ayikhulu ukusuka ogwini olusemhlabathini, lapho ziphuma emanzini, ama-otter ngokuvamile awahambi. Abathandi ngempela ukuphuma emhlabeni. Ngoba kulapho izingozi ezinkulu zibaqamekele khona. Bakhetha ukuzigcina ngokwehlukana.
Izindawo ngazinye zomsebenzi obalulekile nokuzingelwa kwesilwane ngasinye, njengomthetho, okungenani amashumi amahektha ngosayizi. Lezi zilwane zibonakala ngokuqapha nangokufihla. Lezi zimfanelo zibonakala ikakhulukazi emhlabathini - izindawo lapho bezizwa bengavikelekile khona. Yize lezi zidalwa zingaba nesibindi ngokweqile.
Bayakwazi ukuhlasela izimbangi ezanele futhi ezinamandla. Futhi omama batatazela ikakhulukazi lapho befuna ukuvikela izingane zabo.
Ama-Otter angababhukudi abakhulu futhi ayachuma emanzini
Kepha ngokuhambisana nalokhu, uhlobo lwama-otter luyadlala futhi luyasebenza. Bathanda ukugibela, njengasemaslayidini, ukusuka emabhange amakhulu, ngenkathi bengena emanzini ngenjabulo ngejubane elikhulu. Ebusika, ama-otter ashibilika ngendlela efanayo eqhweni, egibele isisu sawo, ashiye umzila ojulile ezintabeni zeqhwa.
Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu akuyona nje umdlalo, hhayi ukushushuluza ebusika futhi kumnandi. Mhlawumbe, ngale ndlela, "ama-rascals" akhulula uboya bawo kumswakama oqoqwe kuwo. U-Otter akwazi ukushaya ikhwela lapho esaba. Ngomzwelo wokudlala, izilwane ezinjalo ziyakhala futhi zikhamise. Eminye imisindo etholakalayo kubo ihlanganisa ukushaya ikhwela.
Kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi, lezi zilwane ziye zafuywa ekuthunjweni ngoboya bazo obuyigugu, obuyingqayizivele. Kulezi zinsuku, abathandi bemvelo abaningi, bebuka lesi sidalwa esithintayo esintanta futhi sishone ngokumangalisayo emanzini, bafuna ukuba nesilwane esinjalo ukuze badlale naso futhi babheke ubuqili baso.
Kepha i-otter yasekhaya ayibukeki njengethoyizi nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobunzima obuningi ekuyigcineni, ngoba ama-otter abaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imithetho, ichibi elihlonyelwe lokuphila okugcwele.
Yize kungavamile ukuthi ama-otter ajwayele ngokuphelele umuntu futhi ahlale ajabule kakhulu ngempilo. Bathandana nabanikazi, ngaphezu kwalokho, bayakwazi nokufunda nokwenza eminye yemiyalo yabo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwalezi zidalwa ezinamanzi amancane yizinhlanzi. Futhi ikhwalithi yokudla incike endaweni yama-otter. Isibonelo, izilwane ezihlala eVolga zizingela ngempumelelo ama-pikes amakhulu kanye ne-carp. Kepha gazinga nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezincane ze-otter, noma ngabe zihlala kuphi, zisakhetha ezinye izinhlobo zokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukubamba izisulu emhlangeni phakathi kwamanzi amile, nasemifuleni enemisinga ephawulekayo. Ama-Otter ahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho adla ama-cod, ama-trout ansundu, i-grayling ne-trout.
Kunzima ukuba yisilwane esinjalo ngezikhathi lapho amanzi embozwe uqweqwe olujiyile lweqhwa. Lapha kufanele ubheke izindawo zamanzi amahhala, ngaphandle kwalokho akunakwenzeka ukubamba izinhlanzi ezithandwa kakhulu kubo. Ebusika, ukuze kutholakale ukudla, ama-otter kufanele ahambe amabanga amade, ahambe eqhweni naseqhweni. I-otter ikwazi ukuhamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-20 ngosuku.
Labo abagcina izilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya kufanele bazi ukuthi badinga cishe i-1 kg yokudla ngosuku. Banganikezwa, yebo, izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe, kanye nenyama, amaqanda, ubisi. Kungenzeka futhi ukondla ama-otter ngamagundane namaxoxo. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nezithasiselo zamavithamini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Siphetha udaba mayelana nama-otters, manje sizobheka inqubo yokwenziwa kwabo kabusha. Ukubhangqa kuvame ukwenzeka entwasahlobo. Futhi-ke, ngemuva kokukhulelwa izinyanga ezimbili, ama-otter omama abeletha izingane ezifika kwezine. Amawundlu anjalo anesisindo esingu-100 g kuphela, embozwe ngoboya, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ayizimpumputhe.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ziqala ukukhasa. Futhi lapho sebenezinyanga ezimbili, bona, sebekhulile futhi benamandla, sebevele bafunda ukubhukuda. Endaweni ethile ngalesi sikhathi, amazinyo abo ayakhula, okusho ukuthi sebethole ithuba lokujwayela ukudla okugcwele.
Kuliqiniso, ama-otter amancane asekude kakhulu nokuvuthwa okugcwele. Noma zinezinyanga eziyisithupha, izilwane ezisencane zizama ukuhlala ziseduze konina, ngethemba lokuvikelwa kwazo kanye nokuvikeleka kwazo okubucayi. Futhi ama-otters anonyaka owodwa kuphela angabhekwa njengokuvuthwa ngokuphelele empilweni ezimele.
UMfula i-Otter Cubs
Bese kuthi isizukulwane esisha sihambe siyofuna indawo yazo yokuhlala. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abasha bahlala ngamaqembu, kepha imvamisa bakhona njengabodwa.
Impilo ye-otter emvelweni ayilula. Yize lezi zilwane zikwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, empeleni lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka. Ama-Otter ajwayele ukufa ngokufa ngokwemvelo, imvamisa eba yisisulu sezilwane nezinyoni ezidla ezinye, abulawa izifo nezingozi.
