Incazelo nezici
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-falconifers abesetshenziswa ngabantu njengezinyoni ezizingela. Kepha lo mmeleli walo myalelo, umhlaseli onezimpaphe ovela emndenini kabaxoki, ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo zawo, akazange abhekwe njengofanelwe i-falconry.
Ngalesi sizathu, yaba negama layo - kestrel, okukhombisa ukuthi ungumlingani wokuzingela ongenalutho, ongafanelekile nhlobo umuntu ongamsebenzisa ukubamba isisulu sakhe.
Kodwa iyalijabulisa iso ngobuhle bayo obuhlakaniphile, kodwa obubabazekayo, futhi ilusizo kakhulu, ibulala amagundane amaningi ayingozi nezinambuzane eziyizinambuzane.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjalo zivamile ezindaweni zase-Europe; le nyoni ihlala nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Asia nasenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwezinsikazi zalezi zidalwa kwehlukile kowesilisa. Okokuqala, abesifazane, ngokungajwayelekile, bakhulu. Isibonelo, ku kestrel afinyelela isisindo esilinganiselwa ku-250 g, kanti abesilisa balolu hlobo banesisindo esingaba ngu-165 g kuphela.
Lezi zinyoni zithole igama lesidlaliso "oheshe abancane". Futhi empeleni, mancane abamele imindeni yawo futhi anosayizi womzimba ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-35. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bagqama kubanumzane babo ngobubanzi bezimpaphe.
Abesifazane, ingxenye engenhla yomzimba nenhloko yawo okuyi-hucher-red hue, kuhlotshiswe ngombala omnyama, ibhendi elijikayo. Amaphethelo ephiko anombala onsundu. Izimpaphe zomsila, ezihlotshiswe ngemigqa emnyama nokumenyezelayo okucacile, zinombala onsundu. Isisu sabo sinamabala, simnyama.
Insiba yekhanda nomsila yeduna zihlukaniswa ngezikali ezimpunga ezikhanyayo, isizinda sophaphe jikelele sibomvu, siphaphathekile. Umphimbo ukhanya ngokusobala ukwedlula wonke umzimba. Ingemuva iphawulwe ngesimo esiyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi iba namabala amise okwedayimane, amnyama.
Amathiphu ephiko amnyama. Futhi umsila mude, ugqame ngomugqa omnyama futhi uhlotshiswe ngomngcele omhlophe. Ama-Undertail amakwe ngamabala noma imivimbo ensundu, umthunzi kakhilimu. Ingaphansi lamaphiko nesisu licishe libe mhlophe ngokuphelele.
Amajita ahlukile ngokubukeka nombala wophaphe kubantu abadala. Ku-kestrel ovamile, izingane ezincane zifana nomama bazo ngombala. Kodwa-ke, izimpiko zazo ziyindilinga ngaphezulu futhi zifushane ngandlela thize.
Imibuthano ezungeze amehlo ne-wax kubantu abadala balezi zinhlobonhlobo iphuzi. Kodwa-ke, ngamawundlu, lezi zindawo zigqama ngemibala kusuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umsila wezinyoni ezinjalo uyindilinga ekugcineni, izidladla eziphuzi zinamazipho amnyama.
Zonke izici eziphawulekayo zokubukeka kwalezi zinyoni zingabonakala ama-kestrels esithombeni.
Imisindo lezi zilwane eziyizimpaphe ezikwazi ukuyenza yehluke kakhulu. Ukumemeza kwabo kuyahlukahluka kumvamisa womsindo, iphimbo nevolumu, futhi izinhlobo zemisindo, okucishe kube yishumi nambili, kuya ngesimo.
Lalela izwi lomdlwane ovamile
Isibonelo, ngokujabula nangokukhathazeka, lezi zidalwa ziyamemeza "ti-ti". Ikakhulu kakhulu Izwi lomculi isakazeke esifundeni sonke ngesikhathi sokukhulisa. Ngakho-ke, omama namachwane banikeza izimpawu kubaba womndeni wezinyoni lapho befuna kuye ingxenye elandelayo yokudla.
Indlela yokuphila yezinyoni ezinjalo ingahlala phansi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi ziyathutha ngezikhathi zonyaka ezingezinhle ziye ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele. Konke kuncike ekutholakaleni kokudla endaweni yokuhlala nasendaweni yokwakha izidleke.
Ebusika, izinyoni zizama ukufudukela ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeYurophu, eMedithera nase-Afrika. Abantu abadala ngokuvamile abajwayele ukuhamba kude kakhulu, ukuze bakwazi ukubuyela eduze nezindawo zabo zokuzidlela ezizithandayo. Izilwane ezisencane, zifuna imfudumalo, zikhetha ukundiza ziye eningizimu.
Izinhlobo
Ummeleli wezilwane ezinamaphiko ohlobo oklebe – kestrel ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, zazo, kufaka phakathi okuchaziwe osekuchaziwe, cishe kukhona eziyishumi. Ezinye zazo ziningi futhi zisabalele, kanti ezinye zibhekwa njengokungajwayelekile futhi zisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Ake sicabangele izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu.
- Isiqubulo saseMauritius Iyinyoni enezimpaphe ezigcwele amabala amnyama. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi, akukho ukucacisa ngokocansi ekubukekeni kwalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko, okungukuthi, abesilisa nabesifazane abangahlukaniswa ngombala nosayizi.
Zisabalele esiqhingini esanikeza igama lolu hlobo, futhi zibhekwa njengezindawo zakhona. Esikhathini esithile esidlule, abamele lolu hlobo cishe baphela, kepha manje inani lalezi zinyoni liyalulama kancane kancane.
- IMadagascar kestrel Mncane ngosayizi futhi unesisindo esingama-g ayi-120 kuphela. Kuzo zonke ezinye izici zokubukeka kwawo nombala ufana nesilwane esivamile. Ngaphezu kweMadagascar, itholakala esiqhingini saseMayotte, kanti nabamele lolu hlobo bayatholakala nase-Aldabra Atoll.
- Isiqubulo sase-Australia, obizwa nangokuthi intshebe empunga, ubude bomzimba obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-33. Ngaphezu kwezwekazi lase-Australia, liyatholakala eziqhingini eziseduze.
I-kestrel empunga
- ISeychelles Kestrel iyinhlobo encane kakhulu, ubukhulu bayo abudluli amasentimitha angama-20. Ingemuva lenyoni linsundu. Inemigqa emnyama emaphikweni ayo kanye nasemigqeni efanayo emsileni wayo.
Ikhanda lalo limnyama noma liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elinomlomo omnyama. Isibalo sezinyoni ezinjalo emhlabeni sincane kakhulu kangangokuba asidluli kubantu abayinkulungwane.
- I-kestrel enkulu iyinhlobonhlobo enkulu impela, njengoba igama liphakamisa. Isisindo sezinyoni ezinjalo sifinyelela ku-330 g.Uhlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule zase-Afrika, ohlala ezingwadule ezisogwadule nesembozo.
- I-fox kestrel ngomunye omele lolu hlobo lwenyoni futhi futhi ungumhlali wase-Afrika. Isizathu segama sanikezwa ngombala wakhe obomvu. Uncamela amagquma amatshe njengezindawo zokuhlala. Izinhlobonhlobo azivamile.
I-fox kestrel iyinhlobo yezinyoni ezingavamile
- I-Steppe kestrel - isidalwa sinomusa, sincane, ubude bamaphiko amancane bunendawo ethile ngokulandelana kwamasentimitha angama-64. Umsila umise okwekhanda, ububanzi, ubude. Izimpaphe zifana ne-kestrel ejwayelekile, kepha abamele izinhlobo ezichaziwe bangaphansi kwesihlobo sabo ngosayizi, banesimo sephiko elihlukile nezwi elikhethekile.
Badume ngendlela yabo yokundiza emoyeni ngesikhathi sezindiza. Kuzaliswa ezifundeni zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika.
- I-kestrel yaseMelika nayo iyisidalwa esincane, futhi yaze yathola elinye igama ngenxa yalesi sizathu - undlunkulu kestrel... Inemibala egqame kakhulu yezimpaphe, ikakhulukazi eyeduna.
Ihlala endaweni enkulu yezwekazi laseMelika. Njengomthetho, uhlala phansi.
Ama-kestrels wesilisa anezimpaphe ezikhanyayo
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Lolu hlobo lwenyoni ludume ngekhono lalo elimangalisayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ama-kestrels angabonakala ezindaweni ezingalindelekile. Kepha kaningi bahlala emaphethelweni amahlathi namaphoyisa.
Izindawo ezilungele ukuzingela zale nyoni yizindawo ezimbozwe uhlaza oluncane. Kodwa hhayi kuphela, ngoba maphakathi neYurophu izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala ngempumelelo kumasimu namasiko asezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Futhi zakha izidleke lapho futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu, zibhubhisa amagundane namagundane - isisulu sazo esiyinhloko. Kunezinyoni eziningi ezinjalo, ngokwesibonelo, eBerlin nakwamanye amadolobha namadolobha aseYurophu.
Vele, idolobha lalezi zidalwa liyindawo engaphephile, izinyoni ziba izisulu zabantu abanobunzima futhi ziphuke, zishaye amawindi ezimoto.
Lapho bethuthela ezindaweni zabo zobusika, ama-kestrels ngokuvamile awayilandeli imizila ethile. Lapho zindiza, azihlangani njengemihlambi, kepha zikhetha ukuhamba wedwa. Izinyoni ziqinile kakhulu futhi zikhuthazelela kalula imithwalo yokuhamba komoya, kepha, njengomthetho, azikhuphuki ziye phezulu kakhulu.
Ngezikhathi ezivumayo, ngokudla okwanele, kungenzeka zingandizeli ebusika, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi. Isibonelo, amacala anjalo aqoshwa eningizimu yeFinland ngeminyaka lapho abantu abavuthiwe kuleliya lizwe bedlula kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho izinyoni ezidla inyama zazingazi ukuntuleka kokudla.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-kestrel iqina kakhulu lapho indiza futhi ibona kalula zonke izinto ezisemhlabathini
Uhlamvu lwale nyoni edla inyama lujabule futhi lumnandi impela, ngakho-ke Izihlambi zasekhaya ezifuywayo - akuvamile neze. Abathandi abaningi bezinyoni bagcina izilwane zasekhaya ezinjalo, bazondla kakhulu ngenyama.
Amachwane angakhuliswa endaweni yezinyoni. Imidlalo nokuziphatha kwabo kujabulisa kakhulu ukuyibuka, futhi izehlakalo ezenzeka kubo ziyahlekisa kakhulu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukundiza kwalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko, okwenziwe yizo ekufuneni inyamazane, kuhluke kakhulu futhi kuyaphawuleka. Konke kuqala ngendiza esheshayo yomzila wokuzingela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni ethile, esemoyeni, inyoni kestrel ilenga ngempumelelo, ngenkathi yenza amaphiko ayo kaningi nangokushesha.
Umsila, kulesi simo, wehliselwe phansi futhi umise okwe fan. Sintweza amaphiko aso futhi sihambisa umoya omkhulu, lesi sidalwa, sisekuphakameni okungaba ngamamitha angama-20 noma ngaphansi kancane, sibheka lapho sihlasela khona, okungumbono ophawuleka kakhulu.
Ngokubona inyamazane enkulu, isinambuzane esikhulu noma igundane, umzingeli uyacwila bese kuthi, ngokulambisa abe nesikhathi sokuhamba phansi, abambe inyamazane yakhe. I-kestrel iyakwazi ukundiza lapho indiza, kodwa ikwenza kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle.
Amandla abukekayo ale nyoni aphakama kaningana kunawomuntu. Ukusuka ebangeni cishe lamamitha ayikhulu, uyakwazi ukubona imininingwane emincane kakhulu yezinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amehlo akhe abona ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, okumsiza ukuthi abambe indawo ephawulwe umchamo wamagundane ngezitho zakhe zombono.
Imikhondo emisha yale nto ikhanya ngokukhanyayo kuye ebumnyameni. Futhi lokhu, nakho, kunikeza ophishekela imibono yokuthi angawabheka kuphi amagundane.
Ukudla kwenyoni endala esekhulile kuvame ukufaka ama-voles ayisishiyagalombili, amagundane noma ama-shrews ngosuku. Futhi, amalulwane, amaxoxo, izinambuzane, izikelemu zomhlaba zingaba yisibiliboco sale nyoni enezimpaphe ezidla inyama, ezivela ebuzaneni obunezimpaphe - amaphuphu amajuba nondlunkulu.
Ngaphezu kohlobo lokuzingela oluchazwe ngenhla, olutholile igama le-sonorous "izindiza ezindizayo", le nyoni ibheka ezinye izindlela zokulandela umkhondo wezilwane. Kwesinye isikhathi uvele azinze egqumeni futhi, ehleli ngokunganyakazi, aqaphe aqaphe okwenzekayo emkhakheni wakhe wombono, alinde umzuzu ofanele wokuhlasela. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ifice isisulu khona lapho endizeni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izindiza zezinyoni ngesikhathi sokukhwelana nazo zihlukaniswa ngokungajwayelekile kwazo. Banethuba lokuzibuka e-Central Europe engxenyeni yokuqala yentwasahlobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpiko zabanumzane zishaya kancane.
Bese kuthi izinyoni, zindize endaweni eyodwa, zijike ziqonde kolunye uhlangothi, bese zigijimela phansi, ngenkathi zikhipha ukukhala okungajwayelekile. Imikhuba enjalo iyenziwa, kukholakala ukuthi, ukuze kwaziswe izimbangi ngemingcele yesayithi ekhethwe ngabesilisa.
AmaKestrels kungenzeka angazakhi izidleke, kepha athole imigodi noma okuthile okufana nawo
Kepha isinali lokuya ocansini nomlingani kulezi zinyoni linikezwa ngowesifazane. Ememezela isifiso sakhe, ukhipha imisindo yesici. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ubaba womndeni osanda kwenziwa, ekhombisa isibonelo entombini yakhe, uphuthuma endaweni yokwakha isidleke ayekhethe phambilini.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukhipha nesiginali yezwi, ebekiwe kuleli cala. Lokhu kungukuhleka okukhulu. Eqhubeka nokukhiqiza yonke imisindo efanayo, owesilisa wenza isiko lokulungisa isidleke futhi anikeze uthando lwakhe umuthi alondolozele kusengaphambili isivakashi esizayo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi laba bameleli bombuso onezimpaphe ngokuvamile abazakhi izidleke zabo, kepha basebenzisa izakhiwo ezilahliwe zezinye izinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi zihlala ngaphandle kwesidleke ngokuphelele, futhi ukubekwa kwenziwa emigodini yobumba yezilwane, emigodini yezihlahla, khona kanye emadwaleni, zithatha isakhiwo esihle esakhiwe ngabantu.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, ama-kestrels ngokuvamile akha amakoloni, inani lawo elifinyelela kumapheya ambalwa. Isibalo esiphezulu samaqanda ku-clutch ayisishiyagalombili, kepha imvamisa ambalwa.
Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekufukameleni amawundlu inyanga yonke. Inzalo evele maduzane imbozwe yi-white fluff, okuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana ibe mpunga. Futhi, amatshwele anoqhwaku namazipho amhlophe.
Cishe eneminyaka engaba yinyanga eyodwa, izingane zizama ukundiza, futhi ngemva kwenye inyanga zifunda ukuzingela zodwa. Eminyakeni eyodwa ubudala, bona ngokwabo kakade iqhaza ekukhiqizeni.
Ichwane lekestrel esidlekeni
Ngokwethiyori nje, isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinyoni asisincane nakancane futhi sibalwa njengesikhathi seminyaka eyi-16. Kodwa-ke, ithuba elake lazalwa amachwane we-kestrel izophila kuze kube sekugugile okuvuthiwe, okuncane impela.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ukufa kwezinyoni emvelweni kuphakeme ngokwedlulele, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasele ezifundeni ezinzima ebusika. Abasabulawa ngamakhaza aqhamukayo, kepha ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, yingxenye yamachwane kuphela azalwe kanye aphila isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
