Incazelo kanye nezici zohlobo
Umuntu waqala ukufuya izingulube, ngokusho kososayensi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule. Kwenzeka eMiddle East, ngokusho kweminye imithombo - eChina Yasendulo. Futhi abantu bakwenze ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamafutha aphezulu okunomsoco nenyama enamanzi emnandi.
Le mikhiqizo enomsoco inikeze umzimba womuntu hhayi kuphela amaminerali, amavithamini, amandla adingekayo empilweni, kepha futhi nokuzivikela okuphezulu ezifweni, kusebenza njengomuthi.
Baqinisa inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, ezinye izitho nezicubu. Futhi njengamanje, akusetshenziswanga inyama nezingulube kuphela, kepha kusetshenziswe amabhulashi nesikhumba, kanye namathambo alezi zilwane ezithanjisiwe.
Namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu zezingulube ezifuywayo emhlabeni. Futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona okungavamile futhi eyingqayizivele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi IsiHungary mangalica. Ingulube lolu hlobo lunokubukeka okungajwayelekile, okukhanyayo, nokukhumbulekayo. Futhi eYurophu, izingulube ezinjalo ziya zizinqoba kancane kancane izinhliziyo zabo bonke abafuyi bezingulube futhi ziphakathi kwezokuqala kakhulu.
Okokuqala, lezi zingulube zidumile, ezohlobo lohlobo olunezinwele ezinde, ngenxa yokuthi zigobile, zifana noboya be-astrakhan, zimboza wonke umzimba wazo, lapho zathola khona isidlaliso esithi "izingulube zezimvu".
Zibizwa nangokuthi ezisontekile, ezinoboya, ezansi nezoboya Lesi sici senza ukuthi izilwane ezinjalo zingazizwa zikhululekile kuphela ngenkathi ebandayo futhi ziphumelele ngempumelelo emazweni anesimo sezulu esibi, kepha nasehlobo kusebenza njengesivikelo esihle kakhulu ezinambuzaneni ezicasulayo nezicasulayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-mangalitsa ayamangalisa ngomthunzi wawo wokuqala wezinwele, onikezwe amandla wokushintsha umbala wawo kuncike hhayi kuphela ekuthini kwesizini, kepha futhi nangobudala, uhlobo lokudla, izimo zokunakekelwa kwalezi zilwane, kanye nohlobo lwenhlabathi lapho zigcinwa khona.
Zonke izici zangaphandle zalolu hlobo zibonakala kahle esithombeni se-mangalica yaseHungary... Umthunzi wejazi lezingulube ezinjalo ungaba bomvu-phuzi futhi uhluka ngokukhanya, ucishe ube mhlophe. Abamele lolu hlobo lwengulube futhi bangaba mnyama, baba mpunga nsundu futhi babe nombala oxubekile (lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinkonjane).
AmaMangalits nawo afaka:
- umzimba omaphakathi, ombozwe amabhulashi amade, awugqinsi, athambile anokuvuvukala;
- isisu esisile;
- inamandla ngokubukeka, kodwa amathambo alula ngokwengeziwe;
- inhlamba yobude obuphakathi nesithende esiphakanyiswe kancane phezulu;
- ikhule ngoboya, izindlebe eziphakathi nendawo;
- umhlane oqondile, umugqa ophenduka ngokushelela ube yisiqholo esitshekile;
- umsila ojiyile onentshakaza emhlophe.
Futhi ubuhle bezingulube buthengiswa ngamakhala amnyama namehlo anezinkophe ezinkulu, ezinhle kakhulu ezimnyama, ezihlanganiswa nomlingiswa omuhle nesimo sokuthula kumuntu, siheha kakhulu kubo.
Futhi IsiHungary mangalitsa ehlukaniswa ngesikhumba esimnyama esinombala, okungafanele naphansi kwezimo ezihlukile ukuthi kungabi pinki, njengoba kudingwa ngamazinga. Izingono, ngokuvamile zazo ezingeqi eshumini, zimnyama.
Kodwa uboya obukhulu kanye noboya ezindlebeni zalolu hlobo kungokwesigaba samaphutha. Isici esikhulu sokuhlukanisa somuntu ohlanzekile ubukhona bendawo okuthiwa yiVelman spot. Lolu phawu ngemuva kwendlebe lubonakala luyindawo evelele, enemibala ecacile.
Ukuzala nokunakekela
UMangalitsa wazalwa cishe eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule eHungary (njengoba igama liphakamisa). Umfuyi uJosef wazimisela ukuthola uhlobo lwezingulube ezifuywayo ezikubekezelela ngokuphelele ukubanda, ukungathobeki ekugcineni nasekuphakeleni.
Futhi ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, wazala uhlobo oluthile, ukuzalaniswa kwalo okungabizi kakhulu, ngenxa yemvelo yabameleli bayo nokubekezelela okuhle kunoma iziphi izimo zezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlobo olucacisiwe luvumela umnikazi ukuthi athole kulezi zilwane isivuno esihle kakhulu senyama enokunambitheka okukhethekile, okuyingqayizivele nokubalulekile.
Ukufeza lo msebenzi ochazwe ngenhla, ngo-1833, izingulube zasendle nezingulube zehlathi zawela uJoseph nezingulube ezifuywayo zaseCarpathia naseMedithera, okwaba nomphumela omuhle.
Kusukela lapho kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule zala ama-mangalitsa aseHungary kufakazelwe ukuthi ithandwa kakhulu ezweni lakubo eHungary, inika inyama engenayo i-cholesterol futhi eyamukelwa ngokuphelele ngumzimba womuntu.
Inyama yamaHungary mangalica
Izicubu zemisipha yezilwane zenani lokufana kwezendlalelo zamafutha, nasezitsheni zokupheka - zokwenza ujusi okhethekile Inyama yamaHungary mangalicakuvamise ukusetshenziswa futhi kusetshenziswe kumamenyu ahlukahlukene aphezulu wokudla. Isinqumelo kanye nebhekeni lalezi zingulube kwakukuningi ngaphambili, njengamanje, emakethe yamazwe omhlaba.
Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo azidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi, futhi abameleli balezi zinhlobo abavamile ukugula, ngaphandle kokudinga imigomo, esebenza hhayi kubantu abadala kuphela, kodwa nakubantu abasha.
Kepha izimo zokuzalela lezo zingulube ngokuzala kwazo, ukukhiqiza nokukhula kwenyama nsuku zonke kufanele zihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kuzokwazi ukuthola umphumela oyifunayo.
Izingulube zalolu hlobo zingagcinwa ngendlela evaliwe, okungukuthi, ezikhungweni zezingulube nasezibayeni. Kodwa-ke, izici zobuntu babo, okungukuthi - uthando lwenkululeko "yezingulube zezimvu" lwenza kube nzima ngabazalisi bezingulube ukuzizalela esibayeni.
Le mpahla, ngisho nasengxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-XX, yaba ngesinye sezizathu zokwehla kokuthandwa kwezingulube ezi-fluffy, ezaba yisizathu esikhulu sokwehla okungathandeki kwenani lazo ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngenxa yalokho, esigabeni esithile, lolu hlobo lwaphenduka lwaba olungavamile nje, kepha lwacishe lwanyamalala. Kepha kulezi zinsuku, uma sezinyakazisiwe, isidingo IsiHungary downy mangalica ibuyiselwa futhi ngenxa yokumelana nesithwathwa nokukhiqiza kohlobo, ukuzivikela okuhle nokubekezela.
IsiHungary downy mangalica
Akufuneki kuphela ubhekeni nesinqumelo salezi zingulube, kepha ikakhulukazi i-jerky (jamon). Kuyabiza uma kukhulunywa ngezibiliboco. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugcinwa nokuzalaniswa kwama-mangalitsa kuletha imali enkulu kubalimi bezingulube banamuhla.
Le nhlobo yaphinde yathola ukuthandwa kwayo, idume umhlaba wonke, phakathi kokunye, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezinkulu zaseRussia, ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo, okusizwa kakhulu ngohlu lwezakhi zofuzo ezidluliswa okhokho basendle.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho kugcinwa indawo yokufuya izingulube, ukuhlanzwa njalo kwetafula nokushintsha udoti ofudumele wotshani, ubukhona bawo esibayeni, kufanele kwenziwe. Futhi izinga lokushisa egumbini lokugcina izilwane ebusika akufanele lehle ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C.
Ukuzalela uhlobo kungenzeka, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngendlela evulekile. Okusho ukuthi, ngokunakekelwa okunjalo, izilwane zihlala ziklaba njalo, futhi kuphela ziqhutshwa kuphela zikhoselwe ngezikhathi zesimo sezulu esibi. Ezinsukwini ezishisayo, ama-sun canopies nawo ayadingeka.
Ukuba emadlelweni amahhala, ama-mangalitsy adla ngenjabulo enkulu hhayi kuphela utshani nama-acorn, athandwa yizo zonke izingulube, kepha futhi ne-algae ewusizo kumzimba wazo, okubaluleke kakhulu.
Owesilisa waseHungary Mangalica
Ezweni lakubo eHungary, esimweni sezulu esihle, lezi zingulube zivame ukuxoshwa emadlelweni nsuku zonke, lapho ehlobo zinamadlelo anele nemfucuza yokudla. Baze badle nokhula ngenjabulo.
Okuqukethwe okuxubile nakho kusabalele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingulube zisemadlelweni ehlobo, kuthi ebusika ziqhutshwe ziye egumbini elihlonyiswe ngokukhethekile futhi elilungisiwe.
Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlanganisa ushoki ochotshoziwe nobumba obomvu ekudleni kwabo, ngoba ukudla kwabo kufanele kube nemifino kanye namavithamini amaningi. Ngokudla okufanele, ukwanda kwenyama yomuntu ngamunye kuzoba cishe ngama-700 g nsuku zonke.
Lapho zondliwa ngamazambane nebhali, lezi zingulube zivame ukukhuluphala hhayi ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi cishe izinyanga eziyishumi ubudala ngokudla okufanayo isisindo semangalisi yaseHungary imvamisa cishe i-100 kg.
Kepha ngokwanda kokudla okusanhlamvu ngokufaka ikhekhe, i-hazel, i-bran, imifino, ama-acorn nama-chestnut, kanye nokuqukethwe okuhle, lesi sibalo sikhuphukela kuma-150 kg, futhi ngeminyaka emibili umuntu omdala unesisindo esingaba ngama-250 kg noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Umhlobo lo ubuye udume ngokuzala kwawo okuthandekayo. Kepha izingulube zihlinzeka kuze kufike kumawundlu ayisithupha ekuzaleni kokuqala, kwesinye isikhathi okuyisikhombisa, okungathathwa njengokuningi kakhulu. Kepha ngenombolo elandelayo yezingulube ezisanda kuzalwa ikhula ibe yishumi, kwesinye isikhathi ibe yishumi nambili.
Ukuqondanisa ama-mangalits aseHungary
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokubeletha, kufanele zigcinwe zigadiwe njalo egumbini elifudumele, elomile, elihlonyelwe ngokukhethekile, lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlanzwa njalo.
AmaHungary mangalitsa piglets bazalwa benombala okhethekile onemigqa, sebezuze njengefa le ndawo kokhokho babo - izingulube zasendle zeCarpathia. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezinsana, ngaphambi kokubekwa kunina, ziyahlanzwa ngotshani.
Ukuze kukhule kahle, izingulube zidinga imijovo ye-prophylactic ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-anemia ngezithako zensimbi. Zenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, amazinyo anqanyulwa ezinganeni ukuze izingono zikamama zingalimali ngesikhathi sokudla. Izingulube ezincane ezingahloselwe ukuzalanisa zivame ukuthenwa esontweni lesibili lokuphila.
Amachwane ezinkukhu anethuba lokudla ubisi lukamama kuze kufike enyangeni eyodwa nohhafu ubudala. Futhi kusukela ezinkathini ezinjalo, ingulube idinga ukondleka kwekhwalithi ephezulu ukuvuselela amandla ayo.
Ingulube yama-mangalica yengulube
Futhi lapha ukudla kufanele kufake ngaphandle kokuhluleka ummbila nebhali ngokufakwa kwe-bran, ukolweni, isidlo se-sunflower nenyama nesidlo sethambo. Ehlobo, kusiza kakhulu ukufaka ama-beet, izaqathe, i-zucchini, imifino kokuphakelayo kwe-Hungarian downy mangalica.
Ngemuva kwenyanga yokuncelisa ubisi, izingulube ezincane sezivele zidinga ukunceliswa. Kule minyaka, akukhuthazwa ukondla amantshontsho ngokudla okudliwa ngomama, ukuze kungalimazi imizimba yawo.
Ama-premixes ngokufakwa kwemifino omisiwe kancane afaneleka kakhulu ukugqoka. Kepha ngemuva kwamanye amasonto amabili, amawundlu kufanele afakwe kancane kancane ekudleni kommbila, ukolweni, ibhali ngokufakwa kwe-bran kanye noshoki.
Futhi ezinyangeni ezine ngemuva kokuzalwa, amantshontsho aqala ukondla kakhulu, afake ifolishi, amantongomane, kanye nokudla okuhlanganisiwe ekudleni. Ngemuva kokuqina kokukhuluphala, abanye babantu bathunyelwa ukuyohlatshwa, futhi izingulube ezikhethiwe ngokukhethekile zishiyelwa ukuzalanisa.
Izinsikazi nezingulube ze-mangalica yaseHungary
Imvamisa ingulube ilungele ukukhwelwa kokuqala inonyaka owodwa, okubhekwa njengokuphuzile kwezinye izinhlobo. Futhi ngemuva kokuzala, insikazi ithunyelwa ekuhlatshweni noma kwesokunxele ukuze izale ngokulandelayo, kuya ngezimfanelo zayo kanye nesidingo sayo. Ngokugcinwa kahle, abantu balolu hlobo, uma bengavinjelwe ngumnikazi phambilini, bayakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.
Intengo nokubuyekezwa kwama-mangalits aseHungary
Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi izingulube ezinjalo zigcinelwe ukuzalanisa inzalo kuphela. Inzuzo yebhizinisi elinjalo ichazwa ngabaphezulu ngezindleko zama-mangalitsa aseHungary... Kuvela ukuthi kuphakeme kakhulu kunezindleko zezinye izinhlobo eziningi.
Imvamisa, izingulube ezinjalo zibiza okungenani ama-ruble ayi-6,000, futhi imvamisa ukuthengwa okunjalo kungabiza umthengi ngokuphindwe kabili nengxenye ngaphezulu. Intengo yomuntu omdala ifinyelela kuma-ruble angama-40,000.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uxwayise ukuthi lapho uthenga izilwane ezisencane, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ngoba imvamisa abalimi, esikhundleni sommeleli ohlanzekile walolu hlobo, bathambekele ekushibilikeni ohlotsheni olutholwe ngokuwela nezinye izinhlobo ezingabizi kakhulu. Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abanazo izimfanelo ezitholakala kulolu hlobo, ezihlukile ekukhuleni okuhamba kancane nangolaka.
Ukuze ungabi isisulu sabakhohlisi abaningi abangathembekile, kungcono ubuze ngedumela lepulazi lezingulube, umthengi azolivakashela, kanye nokubuyekezwa ngomnikazi walo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuthenga.
Ngaphambi kokwenza isivumelwano, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole udoti futhi ufunde ngozalo lomuntu ngamunye. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ubukhona bezimpawu zobumsulwa, kufaka phakathi ubukhona bendawo kaVelman ngemuva kwendlebe.
Kuhle futhi uma ingulube ihlolwa ngudokotela wezilwane ngaphambi kokuyithenga. Kuyafaneleka ukugxila kulo msebenzi kanye nokuba khona kwesifiso esihle engulubeni encane, okuhlala kuyisibonakaliso esihle.
Ukubuyekeza mayelana Ama-mangalice aseHungary kufakazela ukukhuthazela okungavamile kwalolu hlobo. Izingulube ezigxile ekuzalaneni kwezingulube ezinhle ezifana nezimvu ngokuvamile ziyibhizinisi elinenzuzo futhi elinenzuzo. Yiqiniso, uhlobo lunezinkinga. Njengomthetho, lokhu kufaka phakathi isidingo sokuhamba njalo nobunzima ngokuzalaniswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Muva nje, intshisekelo enkulu kokuqukethwe yi-mangalitsa ikhonjisiwe emazweni ase-Ukraine nase-UK. Futhi ezweni lakubo lolu hlobo eHungary, kusukela ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, imithetho eminingi yamukelwa ekhuthaza ukuzalaniswa kwezingulube ezinjalo, manje ezilinganiswa nefa lesizwe.
