Omunye wabamele abaningi kakhulu bezinambuzane usakazeke ngokufanele emhlabeni wezilwane. Ibhungane lomhlabathi esithombeni ikhombisa ngokusobala inzuzo yokubukeka kwayo njengebhungane elikhulu.
Isibalo sezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3000 eRussia Federation siyakhula futhi sengeza minyaka yonke. Umhlaba ubala izinhlobo ezingama-25,000-50,000. Ngendlela yokuphila, kungokwalabo abadla ezinye, okubandakanya ukuthi izinambuzane zasendlini ziyingxenye ebalulekile.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Coleoptera ibhungane lomhlabathi, incazelo Umndeni omkhulu uhlukaniswa ngezici ezilandelayo:
- usayizi;
- isakhiwo sangaphandle;
- ifomu;
- ukufaka umbala;
- chaetotaxy - isikhundla bristles;
- ukwakheka kwezitho zangasese.
Ibhungane lomhlabathi unamanye amagama: ezejwayelekile, ingadi, ihlathi. Ubukhulu buyahlukahluka kusuka kokuncane kakhulu -1 mm kuye ngaphezu kuka-10 cm.Ukuma komzimba nakho kuyahlukahluka. Ngaphezu kwesici esizungezwe ngelensi ye-biconvex noma okufana neqabunga, iqukethe uhlobo olude noma olweqanda.
Ingaphezulu libushelelezi, linolaka noma ligobile. Izinhlobo zomgede zibukeka njengentuthwane, emelwe ngumzimba oyindilinga onokubambeka okujulile ngemuva nenhloko enkulu.
Umgede webhungane
Ezinye zezinhlobo ezihlala emabhishi anesihlabathi zifana ne-ladybug enezimo eziyindilinga.
Ubulili besinambuzane bunganqunywa ngobukhulu bomzimba kanye nendawo yama-setae engxenyeni ye-anal. Abesilisa ngokuvamile baba bancane ngosayizi kunabesifazane. Ikhanda elibuyiselwe kancane esifubeni noma phezulu emehlweni libheke phambili, ligcina ngomhlathi oqinile okhombe phansi nangaphezulu.
Ukuma kwazo kungenxa yohlobo lokudla. Ama-carnivores amaningi abonakala ngomhlathi omude ongaphezulu ngesikela (mandible), obamba isisulu ngokuqinile. Ama-herbivores anemihlathi emikhulu nebabazekayo ayashintshwa ukuze kugaywe isitshalo esingaphansi komhlaba.
Amehlo osayizi abehlukene, kusuka kubaningi abamele ukushona noma kwe-crepuscular, kuyehla ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo zezinambuzane. Izinhlobo eziningi zomgede nenhlabathi zinosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Ama-whiskeys athuthukile agqama ngokuqinile.
Ingxenye engaphambili yebunzi iqukethe ukuqaqeka: ende yimigero engaphambili, emfishane yi-front fossa. Umzimba wokuzwa utholakala maphakathi noma ezansi kwesilevu.
Izingxenye ze-filiform ze-segmental zinama-bristles owodwa noma amaningi amade. Kwabesilisa, izimpondo zinde. Isifuba sivezwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Uhlobo lwayo oluncane lukhuthaza ukuhamba okuhle. Izinhlobo ze-Burrowing zihlukaniswa ngohlobo lomzimba olukhawulelwe.
Amabhungane amaningi andiza kabi noma awahambi nhlobo, sebenzisa amaphiko awo ukusabalalisa kuphela. Kwezindizayo, i-elytra eqinile icishe isisibekele ngokuphelele isisu. I-elytra engathuthuki noma engekho kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwesinye isikhathi ikhula ndawonye.
Imilenze emide kakhulu futhi mincane enetarsus enezingxenye ezi-5 ikulungele kahle ukugijima nokuhamba. Ukunyakaza kwe-Agile kuhlotshaniswa nempahla yokwenza buthakathaka noma ukulahlekelwa indiza. Abesilisa bayehluka kwabesifazane ezigabeni ezinwetshiwe.
Ekumeleleni abameleli, ziyaqina kakhulu. I-fore tibia iqukethe inothi - isitho sokuhlanza izimpondo. Ngosizo lwengxenye yozipho, amabhungane anamathela kahle ku-substrate futhi abambe isitshalo.
Umbala wezinambuzane uhluke kakhulu ngobuningi bemibala emnyama. Ama-rainbow tints kanye ne-metallic tints zivame kakhulu. Abamele ngemibala egqamile enjalo bafaka okukhulu kunakho konke - Ibhungane lomhlabathi waseCaucasia, ifinyelela kubude obungu-6 cm.
Umhlali waseNyakatho Caucasus ufakiwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kweRed Book yaseRussia. Umzimba webhungane ocwebezelayo ungaba nsomi noma luhlaza okotshani ngensimbi engaphansi.
Amalungu omndeni ane-plasticity engavamile yemvelo futhi asatshalaliswa yonke indawo kusuka kutundra ebandayo kuya emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasehlane. Ngaphezu kweRussia, zivame ukutholakala e-Ukraine, Moldova, England, Sweden, South America naseNyakatho Afrika.
Zihlala ikakhulu kungqimba lomhlabathi ongaphezulu noma kuso, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlahleni. Bangabahlali besimo sezulu esinomswakama ophezulu, bathanda umbuso wokushisa olinganiselayo.
Ibhungane lomhlabathi waseCaucasia
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Amabhungane abekelwe impilo yokuphila yasemhlabeni. Bahlala ngamaqembu amancane aqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene zomndeni. Indawo yokuhlala itholakala ezingxenyeni ezincane zenhlabathi, ngaphansi kwamatshe, phansi kwezihlahla notshani. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezincane ezikhetha ukuhlala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni.
Umsebenzi obalulekile wansuku zonke wamabhungane uzisabalalisa ngezinhlobo ezintathu:
- isikhathi sasemini;
- ebusuku;
- nsuku zonke.
Ngokuyinhloko, izinambuzane zithandwa impilo yasebusuku, lapho zizingela khona ukuze zithole ukudla. Ngenxa yemilenze enamandla futhi eqinile, basheshe bahambe amabanga amade, lapho bathole khona amagama - abagijimi nabagijimi.
Isikhathi sasemini sisetshenziswe ngokuphelele endaweni yabo yokuhlala. Ngobusika, ngasekupheleni kwamakhaza ekwindla, bagobhoza emhlabathini kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngokuqala kwemfudumalo, zikhuphukela phezulu ziqhubeke nomsebenzi wazo obalulekile.
Waqamba igama elithi bhungane le-bombardier I-Crimean ground beetle kutholwe ukubonga kuketshezi oluvikelayo endlaleni yangemuva. Iphonsa esitheni, ibona ingozi nokuphishekela.
Inhlanganisela enephunga elinoshevu ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elishisayo lapho ikhishwa bese iqhuma ngokuchofoza okukhulu, ihwamuke ngokushesha ibe yifu. Isidalwa esethukile esinokusha okubonakalayo siyabaleka. Isitoko sama-reagents sanele amavolumu angama-15-35.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Phakathi komndeni wezinambuzane, kunezinhlobo ezinohlobo lokudla oluxubekile oludla kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane.
Genus Ground mabhungane kudla:
- izinambuzane;
- izimbaza;
- amacimbi;
- iminenke yamagilebhisi;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- ama-phytophages;
- ukudla kwemifino.
Umzingeli uqamekela inyamazane yakhe endaweni yokukhosela noma abambe ngokushesha ngosizo lwemilenze emide, enemisipha emide. Ngenxa yokugaya ukudla okungaphandle kwamathumbu, iyibamba ngemihlathi enamandla, ithulule imfihlo emathunjini aphakathi ukuze ithambise izicubu ezinzima.
Noma ikuphi ikhava e-chitinous iboleka kalula emihlathini eqinile. Inqubo yokumunca nokugaya kwenzeka ngokushesha kusuka emahoreni amabili kuya kwangu-4, iphenduke i-gruel ewuketshezi. Lapho idla umnenke, iququda imollusk uqobo lwayo, ishiye indlu yayo ingenacala. Isinambuzane esisuthi sigqiba emhlabathini izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Okudliwayo ibhungane lomhlabathi yisinambuzane sezitshalo emasimini lapho ahlala echitha khona isikhathi. Uthanda okusanhlamvu kwezolimo kakolweni, ibhali nerye. Ebusuku ugibela ezindlebeni adle okusanhlamvu.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, igxila ngokuqinile ezindaweni ezinokusanhlamvu okuchithekile. Iphinde isebenzise ukhula, igxuma amaqabunga amancane futhi ishiye imicu kuphela. Ujabulela umpe nempova ezimbalini ngenjabulo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ibhungane lomhlabathi kubhekiswa kubhungane abaphila isikhathi eside - kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwemihlanu. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwalesi sinambuzane kancane kancane usuka eqandeni uye esidlekeni, kwisiphungumangathi nase-imago. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngemuva kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo yokukhwelana, evame ukwenzeka ngenyanga ka-Ephreli.
Isinkwa sebhungane
Owesifazane oyedwa usebenzisa i-clutch eyodwa yamaqanda angama-50-80 ngqo enhlabathini ukuya ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ama-3. Ngalokhu, ukhetha indawo emanzi enenhlabathi evundile. Izibungu ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-160 mg kuthi kufika ku-2 cm ubude zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-13-14.
Banemilenze emifushane efana nezipho engu-6. Umbala wabo omhlophe uba mnyama-violet emahoreni ayi-10. Imihlathi yezidliwayo ezincane, amahora angama-40 ngemuva kokuzalwa, isivele inamandla okudla izinkumbi zomhlaba. Ukusiqinisa ngokuqinile isisulu, yize sinenkani nokufihla amafinyila kanye negwebu, sizimbela naso enhlabathini futhi siyasidla.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhumbi kuqedwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Isigaba esilandelayo senzeka - i-pupation, ethatha izinsuku eziyi-15-25. Umzimba onqunu wesigaxa ngaphandle ufana nebhungane elidala.
Isici esivelayo yizicucu zamasethi aphumile ku-dorsum naku-lateral surface yengxenye yesisu. Isiphungumangathi sisesibelethweni esenziwe ngenhlabathi noma nge-substrate.
Ebusika, ingena esimweni somuntu omdala isikhathi seminyaka engu-2-3. Ukubonakala kokuqala kwabantu abasha kuncike ezimweni zezulu futhi kuyabonakala ngenyanga kaMeyi-Juni. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kwesitshalo sokusanhlamvu.
Ukuvela ngobuningi kungabonakala esigabeni sobisi sokuvuthwa kwezitshalo zasebusika. Ngo-Agasti, iwela ekudwebeni - ukumiswa kwenqubo yokwakheka, bese izimbela phansi emhlabathini kuze kufike ku-40 cm.
Indlela yokubhekana ne-beetle beetle
Kuyingozi ibhungane lomhlabathi, ungaqeda kanjani kusuka kumzingeli okhohlisayo - lo mbuzo ubalulekile phakathi kwabalimi abaningi nabalimi. Ukulimala kwezinambuzane akulethi inkathazo kuphela kuziza zezolimo, kepha nasezindlini amabhungane acasulayo akwazi ukungena kuzo.
Indlela edidiyelwe enezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical namakhemikhali, enesivuno esisheshayo ngaphandle kokuchitheka kokusanhlamvu, ifaka isandla ekuvikeleni okuphezulu ezinambuzane
Ibhungane lomhlabathi omnyama ekhaya - hhayi into ejwayelekile futhi engathandeki. Ukuhlala kwabo efulethini akukude ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla. Kodwa-ke, ziyakwazi ukuthelela zonke izakhiwo ngezibungu. Izici ezisobala ekusabalaleni kwamabhungane asekhaya yilezi:
- imikhiqizo yokudla: ufulawa, okusanhlamvu, amazambane, njll.
- imfucuza yokudla;
- udoti;
- izinkuni zokubasa;
- ukhuni oludala.
Ukuthatha izinyathelo ngokushesha ukuqeda izinambuzane kuzosiza ukulawula ukusabalala. Ekulweni kwamabhungane, izindlela ezisebenzayo yilezi:
- ukuhlanza jikelele ngokusesha ngokucophelela indawo yabo;
- ukwelashwa kwendawo ngezixazululo ze-baking soda noma uviniga;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane ezinambuzane;
- anezikhala zokuzivikela emafasiteleni.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqapha ukuphepha kokudla ngendlela evaliwe. Iningi lezinhlobo zebhungane lomhlabathi lifinyelela kumanani amakhulu futhi zibaluleke kakhulu esimisweni semvelo semvelo kanye ne-anthropogenic. Izinambuzane ziyizinkomba zesimo semvelo nokuba khona kokungcola kwabantu.
