I-Bluebird - iphupho neqiniso
Isithombe senyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esenza umuntu abe yiphupho, savela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ngenxa yomdlalo odumile wombhali waseBelgium uM. Meterlinck. Ukumfuna kuyisabelo sabo bonke abantu abaphupha ngenjabulo.
Kodwa kuphela ama-romantics angenakuguquka awazange alahlekelwe ukholo, ngoba kwakukholelwa ukuthi inyoni enjalo ayikho emvelweni. Amaphupho ka inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - Amaphupho angafinyeleleki.
Imvelo kuvele ukuthi icebile kunemibono yabantu. Izazi zezinyoni ziyalwazi lolu hlobo lwenyoni, olubizwa ngokuthi i-lilac noma i-whistling thrush, futhi ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi futhi ngokwemithombo eminingi, inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nje.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-bluebird
Indawo yokuhlala ye-thrush emangalisayo itholakala emazweni ase-Indochina phakathi kwemithambeka nezihosha zezintaba ze-Himalaya. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-bluebird kuye kwabonwa ezindaweni ezinkulu zohlelo lwezintaba iTien Shan emazweni amahlanu ase-Asia Ephakathi: iTajikistan, i-Uzbekistan, iChina, iKyrgyzstan neKazakhstan. ERussia uhlala ezintabeni zaseTranscaucasia, eYurophu bluebird uhlala ogwini oluseningizimu yeMedithera. Uchitha ubusika enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, iziQhingi zasePhilippines.
Izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezinezintaba endaweni ephakeme ye-1000 kuya ku-3500 m eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Izindawo ezinamadwala ezinemifantu, imifantu yamadwala, izimpophoma nemifudlana yezintaba yindawo eyintandokazi yezinyoni.
Incazelo ye-bluebird ifana ne-thrush edumile, kepha kukhona umehluko omkhulu ebude bemilenze nomsila. Makhulu futhi abukeka enamandla futhi eqinile. Ububanzi bamaphiko amancane ayindilinga bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-45. Isisindo esiphelele sale nyoni silinganiselwa ku-200 g. Ubude bomzimba wonke abudluli kuma-35 cm.
Umlomo ogqamile ophuzi, onobude obungu-36-38 mm, oqinile futhi oqinile, ugobe kancane phezulu. I-bluebird icula kamnandi futhi icacise. NgesiNgisi, letinyoni tibitwa ngekutsi bantfwana besikolwa labenta impimpi.
Lalela izwi le-bluebird thrush
Inhlanganisela yesisa somtshingo nokucula okuhlabelelayo kwehlukanisa izwi lenyoni. Umthamo namandla omsindo akwazi ukuvimba umsindo wempophoma, ukubhonga nokuduma kwamanzi, kepha lokhu akubangeli ukucasuka, kodwa ukumangala. Emihosheni yezintaba, kubalulekile ukuzwakala yizihlobo, ngakho-ke, idatha yezwi ihlukanisa izakhamizi zezindawo ezingafinyeleleki nezimbi.
I-thrush ephephuli ibhalwe ku-Red Book njengezilwane ezingavamile ezidinga ukuvikelwa nokuvikelwa. Kuyimpumelelo enkulu ukumbona. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ngale nyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zisesimeni esididayo: empeleni, ayikho i-pigment eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumbala wezimpaphe.
Ukukhohlisa okumangalisayo kubangelwa ukukhishwa komlingo kokukhanya ezintshebeni ezinhle zezimpaphe. Uma ukude, umbala ubonakala njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyaqina usondele, kepha isakhiwo esingaqondakali sobuso sibonakala ngamathoni e-lilac, violet. Izimpaphe zimbozwe ukucwebezela okusiliva, njengokungathi kusakazeke ngemuva, esifubeni, nasekhanda. Izimpiko zomuntu ngamunye zingamakwa ngamabala amancane amhlophe.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bayefana. Umehluko omncane kowesifazane ubonakala ekuqiniseni i-silvery placer emaphethelweni ezimpaphe. Ngokuvamile, le nyoni yinhle kakhulu, ikufanele ukwenza samuntu iphupho lothando nelikhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Bluebird
Izihlobo ze-bluebird kufanele zibhekwe ngokulandelana kwabantu abadlulayo, umndeni we-thrush. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo zendabuko ze-thrush kuphela. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-redstarts aziwayo futhi asakazekile, ama-robins, ama-nightingales, namasondo.
Uma uhlobo lwe-thrushes yamatshe lubandakanya izinhlobo ezintathu: itshe, itshe elimhlophe neliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, khona-ke uhlobo lwe-thrushes onsomi lumelelwa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela - i-bluebird, noma i-Myophonus.
Njengezihlobo zomndeni, i-thrush ephephuli ihola impilo yokuhlala nokuhlala umhambuma. Uma izinyoni zakha izidleke ezindaweni eziphakeme, bese kuthi ngesikhathi sekwindla zehlele ezansi ukuthola imihosha engamboziwe iqhwa futhi ishaywe yimimoya ebandayo. Kuyo yonke imikhuba yezinyoni namaphethini endiza, i-bluebird engajwayelekile isondele kakhulu ku-blackbird enkulu.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-bluebird
Inyoni engaqondakali ayibukeki njengesithombe esibhaliwe. Ukuhlala ezimeni ezinzima akuhambisani nemvelo enokuthula neyothando. Izici zenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekuhlonipheni kwakhe, ukuxabana. Abahlanganisi njengemihlambi njengendlunkulu; bahlala bodwa noma ngababili endaweni abayithandayo. Abafokazi baxoshwa, abakwazi ngisho nokubekezelela amaphuphu abo asekhulile eduze.
Izindawo ezinamadwala, ezigcwele izihlahlana ezingavamile, eduze kwamanzi yizindawo ezijwayelekile zama-purple thrushes. Emifantwini eyimfihlo yamatshe, izinyoni zakha izidleke ezibonakala ngokusobala buqamama, kodwa ezingafinyeleleki ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwendawo. Ukuhlala ezintabeni, i-bluebird ilwela ukufudumala, ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zeqhwa laphakade, i-bluebird ayitholakali.
Indiza ivame ukuba phansi, ngokujikijela okusheshayo kwamaphiko aluliwe. Le nyoni inqoba imithambeka emikhulu ngokugxuma okukhulu ngosizo lwamaphiko avuleke kancane. Ihamba phansi ngezitebhisi ezincane noma ngeqe, njenge-thrush ejwayelekile. Abathandi ukuhamba amabanga amade, bayakhathalela ngendlela yabo yokuphila.
Zinamahloni ngokwemvelo, izinyoni ziyaqaphela futhi zihlala kude nabantu, ngokungafani nezihlobo ezinelukuluku lokwazi. Zithanda ukuba semaphethelweni wamanzi, lapho zibhukuda ngokuzithandela futhi zivame ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezincane lapho.
Ngemuva kokugeza, izinyoni azinyakazisi amaconsi amanzi, kepha zigijima zize zome ngokuphelele. Umsila wale nyoni ukhuphuka kakhulu uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi noma injabulo. I-thrush ingayisonga futhi iyivule njenge fan, iyiphendule ngapha nangapha.
Abathandi bezinyoni kuyaqabukela begcina ama-bluebirds ngenxa yevolumu yokucula kwabo nosayizi wabo omkhulu. Kodwa ukubuka impilo yabo esebenzayo kunesithakazelo esikhulu sezilwane. Abanikazi bafanisa indlela abaziphethe ngayo namantshontsho nemidlwane. Bangadlala ngomnsalo wokugoqa uswidi noma bazingele izinhlanzi echibini. Zondla ngengxube ejwayelekile yezinyoni, njenge-cottage shizi, isinkwa nezithelo.
Ukudla kwe-Bluebird
Ukudla kwezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusekelwe ezinambuzaneni eziseduze kwamanzi, izibungu, amabhungane, izintuthwane, ama-crustaceans. Izinyoni zidla amagundane amancane, zibamba izinhlanzi ezincane ogwini, zizingele izibankwa nezinyoka ezincane. Ibamba inyamazane ngomlomo oqinile, iyaphula ngamatshe ngokushaya okunamandla. AmaLilac thrushes awaphikisi ukuhudula okuqukethwe izidleke zabanye abantu, njengezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama.
Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, ama-bluebirds adla ukudla kwezitshalo: imbewu, amajikijolo, izithelo. Ezinyangeni zasebusika, ukudla kwesitshalo kudlangile. Ekuthunjweni izifunzo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukudla okunhlobonhlobo kwezinyoni, bathanda isinkwa nezinhlobonhlobo zemifino.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-bluebird
Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, ungezwa ukucula okuhle futhi okumnandi kwama-purple thrushes, okukhombisa isikhathi sokufukamela. Ngemuva kokukhetha oshade naye, ama-bluebirds ahlala emhosheni ofanayo ngaphandle kokushintsha izindawo zawo zokubeka amaqanda iminyaka eminingana. Ozakwethu abavamile ukushintsha impilo yonke. Amachwane asekhulile axoshwa endaweni yawo.
Izidleke zakhiwa eduze kwamanzi kusuka ezimpandeni ezilethwe zezitshalo, utshani, ubulembu, iziqu, amahlumela nokungcola. Isitsha esikhulu esinezindonga esikhulu sakhiwe emgodini, ongafinyeleleki ezitheni. Isakhiwo sisebenza isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi uma sibhidlika ngezikhathi ezithile, khona-ke izinyoni zakha esidlekeni esisha lapho ngesisekelo esidala.
Esithombeni kunesidleke se-bluebird thrush
Ku-clutch kuvamise ukuba namaqanda ama-2 kuya kwama-5, amhlophe anezinkomba ezimnyama. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-17. Achanyuselwe amaphuphu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abazali bondla izibungu nezinambuzane. Ekuqaleni, imvuthuluka inqunu futhi ayinakusizwa. Izinsuku ezingama-25, ngenxa yokunakekelwa, le nkukhu ikhula ngamandla futhi izuze amandla. NgoJuni, inzalo ishiya isidleke sayo, nabazali bayandiza kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emvelweni kunzima ukusungula. Ekuthunjweni, ama-purple thrushes angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, ngokungafani ne i-bluebird yenjabulo, engagugi.
