Ngubani ohlala ezansi kolwandle, noma izici ze-vampire yesihogo
Le mollusk ihlala ekujuleni lapho cishe kungekho-oxygen. Akusilo igazi elibomvu elifudumele eligeleza emzimbeni wakhe, kodwa luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Mhlawumbe yingakho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izazi zezilwane zanquma ukuthi ngandlela thile zibukeka zimbi, futhi zabiza invertebrate - i-vampire yesihogo.
Kuliqiniso, ngo-1903 usosayensi wezilwane uKard Hun wahlukanisa imollusk hhayi "njengesilo" esixakile, kodwa njengomndeni wezingwane. Kungani vampire yesihogo yaqanjwa kanjalo?, akunzima ukuqagela. Izintambo zalo zixhunywe ulwelwesi, ngaphandle olufana nengubo, invertebrate inombala onsundu ngokubomvu, futhi ihlala ekujuleni okumnyama.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-vampire yesihogo
Kusukela ngesikhathi, kuye kwacaca ukuthi isazi sezilwane sasinephutha, futhi, yize i-mollusk inezici ezifanayo ne-octopus, ayisona isihlobo sayo ngqo. "Isilo" sangaphansi kwamanzi asinakubalwa nakwe-squid.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-vampire yesihogo yanikezwa iqembu elihlukile, elibizwa ngesiLatin - "Vampyromorphida". Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komuntu ohlala ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye ne-squid ne-octopus ubukhona emzimbeni wezintambo ezibucayi ezinjenge-whip, okungukuthi, imicu yamaprotheni i-vampire engakwazi ukuyisika.
Njengoba kungabonakala nge photo, isihogo vampire umzimba une-gelatinous. Inamatende ayi-8, ngalinye "liphethe" inkomishi yokudonsa ekugcineni, embozwe izinaliti ezithambile nezimpondo. Usayizi we-mollusk unesizotha impela, usukela kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30.
"I-monster" encane engaphansi kwamanzi ingaba bomvu, nsundu, nsomi futhi ibe mnyama. Umbala uncike ekukhanyeni lapho utholakala khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imollusk ingashintsha umbala wamehlo ayo ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu. Amehlo esilwane uqobo asobala futhi makhulu kakhulu emzimbeni waso. Bafinyelela kumamilimitha angama-25 ububanzi.
"Ama-vampire" amadala aqhosha amaphiko amise okwezindlebe akhula asuka "engutsheni". Lapho ishaya amaphiko ayo, kubonakala sengathi imollusk indizela ekujuleni kolwandle. Ubuso bonke bomzimba wesilwane bumbozwe ngama-photophores, okungukuthi, ngezitho zokukhanya. Ngosizo lwabo, i-mollusk ingadala ukukhanya, kuphazamise "abahlala" nabo abayingozi ngaphansi kwamanzi.
EWorld Ocean, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-600 kuye kwayi-1000 (abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-3000), lapho kuhlala khona i-vampire yesihogo, awunawo umoya-mpilo. Kukhona okuthiwa "oksijini ubuncane bendawo".
Ngaphandle kwe-vampire, ayikho neyodwa i-cephalopod mollusk eyaziwa isayensi ehlala ekujuleni okunjalo. Izazi ze-Zoologists zikholelwa ukuthi yindawo yokuhlala eyanika i-hellish invertebrate esinye isici, i-vampire ihlukile kwezinye izakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu le-metabolism.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila ye-vampire yesihogo
Imininingwane ngalesi silwane esingajwayelekile itholakala kusetshenziswa izimoto ezijulile zasolwandle. Ekuthunjweni, kunzima ukuqonda ukusebenza kwangempela kwemollusk, ngoba ingaphansi kwengcindezi engapheli futhi izama ukuzivikela kososayensi. Amakhamera angaphansi kwamanzi aqophe ukuthi "ama-vampire" ayahamba kanye nomsinga wolwandle olujulile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bakhipha i-velar flagella.
Umhlali wasemanzini wethuka yinoma yikuphi ukuthintwa kweflagellum enento yangaphandle, imollusk iqala ukuntanta ngokungahambisani nengozi engaba khona. Ijubane lokuhamba lifinyelela ubude obubili bomzimba walo ngomzuzwana.
"Izilo ezincane" azikwazi ukuzivikela ngempela. Ngenxa yemisipha ebuthakathaka, hlala ukhetha imodi yokuvikela yokonga amandla. Isibonelo, bakhipha ukukhanya kwabo okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe, kufiphaza imingcele yesilwane, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuthi ikuphi ngqo.
Ngokungafani octopus, isihogo vampire ayinaso isikhwama sikayinki. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-mollusk ikhipha amafinyila we-bioluminescent etendeni, okungukuthi, amabhola akhanyayo, kanti ngenkathi isilwane siphuphuthekisiwe, sizama ukubhukuda siye ebumnyameni. Le yindlela enamandla yokuzivikela njengoba kuthatha amandla amaningi ukuyithola.
Ngokuvamile, umuntu ohlala ngaphansi kwamanzi uzisindisa ngosizo lwe- "ithanga pose". Kuwo, imollusk iphendulela izintambo ngaphakathi ngaphandle bese imboza umzimba ngayo. Ngakho iba njengebhola elinezinaliti. Ithende elidliwe yisilwane esidlayo, isilwane masinyane sibuye siziphinde futhi.
Ukudla kwe-vampire kwe-infernal
Kwaphela isikhathi eside, izazi zezilwane zaziqiniseka ukuthi ama-vampire ama-hellish yizilwane ezidla ama-crustaceans amancane. Njengokungathi zisebenzisa imicu yazo efana nesiswebhu, "okubi" okungaphansi kwamanzi kukhubaza imfanzi empofu. Futhi-ke ngosizo lwabo ludonsa igazi lesisulu. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi yigazi elisiza ukubuyisela amafinyila e-bioluminescent asetshenziswe ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi imbaza ayiyona incanca igazi nhlobo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokungafani okufanayo squid, isihogo vampire uhola impilo enokuthula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imfucumfucu engaphansi kwamanzi inamathela ezinweleni ze-mollusk, isilwane siqoqa lezi "mpahla" ngosizo lwe-tentacles, sizixube nomqubuko, bese sizidla.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo ye-vampire yesihogo
Ohlala ngaphansi kwamanzi uhola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, uzala ngokungajwayelekile. Ukuhlangana kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile kuvame ukwenzeka ngengozi. Njengoba owesifazane engawulungiseleli umhlangano onjalo, angabe esethwala ama-spermatophores isikhathi eside, amfakelwa owesilisa. Uma kungenzeka, uyayifaka imvundiso, futhi ithwale izingane kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-400.
Ngokomunye umbono, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-vampire yesihogo sowesifazane, njengamanye ama-cephalopods, ifa ngemuva kokuzala okokuqala. Usosayensi waseNetherlands uHenk-Jan Hoving ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ukutadisha isakhiwo se-ovary somhlali wasemanzini, usosayensi wathola ukuthi owesifazane omkhulu kakhulu wazala izikhathi ezingama-38.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kwakukhona "ukukhokhiswa" okwanele eqandeni kweminye imanyolo engama-65. Ngenkathi le datha idinga ukufundwa okwengeziwe, kepha uma kuvela ukuthi ilungile, lokhu kuzosho ukuthi ama-cephalopods ajulile olwandle angazala kaningi kuze kube yikhulu phakathi nokuphila kwabo. Amantshontsho i-hellish vampire shellfish bazalwa bengamakhophi agcwele abazali babo. Kepha incane, cishe ngamamilimitha ayi-8 ubude.
Ekuqaleni ziyabonakala, azinazo ulwelwesi phakathi kwama-tentacles, futhi i-flagella yazo ayikakhiwa ngokuphelele. Izingane zondla izinsalela zemvelo ezivela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zolwandle. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe kunzima kakhulu ukusibala. Ekuthunjweni, imollusk ayihlali izinyanga ezimbili.
Kepha uma ukholelwa ocwaningweni lukaHoving, khona-ke abesifazane baphila iminyaka eminingana, futhi bangama-centenarians phakathi kwama-cephalopods. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi i-vampire yesihogo ingakafundwa ngokuphelele, mhlawumbe ngokuzayo uzodalula izimfihlo zakhe futhi azikhombise ohlangothini olusha.
