Ikholomu laseSiberia okwaziwa ngabadwebi, kwenziwa ngoboya bakhe ukuthi amabhulashi athambile ekhwalithi ephezulu wemidwebo enziwa. Abaqambi bezingubo zemfashini basazi kahle lesi silwane, okuthi ijazi laso loboya elinye i-mink noma isable laseYurophu.
Elinye igama "itatsi" lanikezwa izinhlobo zekholomu yaseSakhalin, esesinde ngamanani amancane - kuphela abantu abayi-300. Isihlobo se-ferret ne-weasel, kodwa esaziwa kancane emndenini we-weasel, sihlukaniswa ngohlamvu lwaso olukhethekile nezimpawu zalo ezihlukile.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ikholamu - isilwane kuze kufike ku-50 cm ubude, umsila wakha cishe ingxenye yesithathu. Isilwane sinesisindo esingu-700-800 g. Umzimba uvulekile, uhlukaniswa nokuguquguquka okukhethekile nokuhamba. Imilenze emifushane enezingqamuzana ezingakhuli kahle, amehlo azwakalayo kumlomo oqondile, izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga.
Uboya obuhle ukuziqhenya okukhethekile kwesakhamuzi se-taiga. Umbala o-ocher ebusika, onombala obomvu, uphendukela kokusa okumnyama lapho kufika ihlobo. Uboya obusemsileni bukhulu kakhulu ngombala kunasemhlane noma esiswini.
Isifonyo sihlotshiswe ngamachashaza amhlophe asemakhaleni kanye nesifihla-buso esimnyama esizungeze amehlo. Umbala osiliva wezinyawo zezilwane kanye noboya obukhanyayo bejazi elingaphansi bubeka ubuhle bejazi loboya.
Ubuningi bejazi buyahlukahluka ngenkathi: ubukhazikhazi nobuningi kujwayelekile esikhathini esibandayo, kanti ehlobo ubomvu buncane futhi bufushane kunobusika. U-Kolonok uhlala ezifundeni zaseMpumalanga Ekude, emahlathini ase-Ural, ezindaweni ezingamahlathi eSiberia, ePrimorye, eYakutia. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu engxenyeni yezwe lethu yaseYurophu. Ikholomu yaziwa eChina, eJapane, eNhlonhlweni YaseKorea.
Ukuthuthuka kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene kuncike ebukhoneni bamahlathi e-coniferous noma ama-decidous anenqwaba yamagundane, nezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezigcwele izihlahlana, lapho kukhona khona i-windbreak nezinkuni ezifile. Isilwane sigwema izindawo ezivulekile, sithanda i-taiga eminyene emithambekeni yezintaba noma ngasemifuleni. Kuvela ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-1600 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ikholamu lingena ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, lapho izinkukhu nokuba khona kwamagundane namagundane kumkhomba khona. Umhlangano nomnikezeli ezindaweni zokuhlala, emaphethelweni edolobha noma eduze kwezinkundla kuyisimo esenzeka kaningi esihlotshaniswa nokufuduka ngenkani kusuka endlaleni nasekulahlekelweni okuthile kokuqapha.
Ngokwemvelo, isilwane sinezitha eziningi. Okuyinhloko kuyisihlava, kususwa abancintisana nabo bokudla ezindaweni ezithuthukile. Abazingeli bezimpaphe bazingela ikholomu: oklebe, izikhova, izinkozi, izikhova. Kufanele sicashe ekuhlaselweni kwama-lynxes, izimpungushe, izimpisi, ama-ferrets.
Uhlamvu nekholomu yokuphila
Izipikha ikakhulu ziba sebusuku. Umsebenzi uqala ngesikhathi sokuhlwa nangemva kokushona kwelanga. Ukufunwa kokudla akukhawulelwe ezindaweni ezithile, isilwane singahamba size sifike kumakhilomitha ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu, uma ukuzingela kudinga ukuthuthela lapho sifuna isisulu.
Ebusuku, ungabona amehlo abomvu abomvu obomvu wekholomu, efuna amagundane phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla, emigodini elahliwe. Abahlali bemifula nabo baba yizisulu zesilwane esithwala uboya esikwazi ukubhukuda kahle. Kaningi, amagundane amanzi, ama-muskrats noma izinhlanzi zemifula ziwela kuzipho eziqinile zamakholomu.
Ebusika, umzingeli ukhombisa ubuhlakani namandla okuhamba ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa emabangeni amade aze afike kumamitha angama-50. Ama-grouse ezinkuni kanye nama-hazel grouse afihlwe ebusuku anganuka futhi ngokushesha adlule izinyoni.
Isibindi, ilukuluku, ikhono lokukhuphuka lingene kunoma yimiphi imingxuma nasemigodini, ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinamadwala nezigcwele kakhulu, ukukhuphuka izihlahla kanye neziqongo zamatshe, ukuhlukanisa umzingeli onekholomu onekhono.
Izilwane azimaki amasayithi azo. Bahlala ezindlini ezihlala ama-chipmunks, ama-voles, imigodi eshiyiwe noma ngaphansi kwamagatsha ezihlahla eziwile nasenqwabeni yezinkuni ezifile. Ngaphezu kokukhoseliswa unomphela, isilwane sinezindawo ezimbalwa zesikhashana, lapho sicasha khona lapho kudingeka.
Ngesikhathi sezulu esibi kakhulu, ingahle ilale phansi ingaphumi endaweni yokukhosela efudumele izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuzingela kuhlehliselwa isikhathi sasemini ngenxa yamakhaza asebusuku ababayo. Ikholomu ihamba ngokuxhuma ngokushesha. Izwi lesikhulumi liyafana nemisindo eyenziwe yi-ferret: ukutshiyoza noma uhlobo oluthile lokutshiyoza. Ngokucasuka, zikhipha umlozi osabekayo onempempe.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwamakholomu kusekelwe ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezincane: ama-jerboas, amagundane, ama-chipmunks, ama-pikas, ama-squirrels, nangezinye izikhathi ama-hares. Yize ukudla kwesilwane kudlangile, emanzini, kuhamba amashumi amakhilomitha ukusuka ogwini, bayadoba futhi bazingele imisipha, badle amaxoxo, izinambuzane nezibungu, bathathe izidumbu kanye nalokho okuwela empangweni yezilwane ezinkulu.
Ebusika, ngaphansi kweqhwa, inyoni elele emigodini yeqhwa izingelwa - ama-partridges nama-hazel grouse, ama-grouse amnyama. Isilwane esishesha ngendlela emangalisayo nesixakekile sifuna isisulu, sinqobe ukuqina kweqhwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, kudliwa amantongomane namajikijolo. Indlala iphoqa abantu ukuthi basondele lapho kuhlala khona umuntu futhi bahlukumeze ama-pantry kanye namapulazi. Ukuhlaselwa kwezinkukhu kuvamile. Ngokungafani nesibaya, ayiyigadi inyamazane yayo, kepha iyayihlasela ngokushesha.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isilwane sizingela inyamazane, kwesinye isikhathi siyidlula ngosayizi. Oncintisana ngokudla oyinhloko wekholomu uyisable, ngakho-ke bakhulula izindawo, uma kuvela umhlaseli, bazi izindawo ezintsha.
Ukufuna ukudla kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Uma kungenzeka ukubamba inyamazane, i-columnar iyidonsela endaweni eyimfihlo noma endaweni yayo, kepha ayikudli endaweni yokuzingela kwayo. Kuchazwa amacala okudliwa kwezilwane phakathi kwezilwane, lapho esinye isilwane sangena ogibeni, kanti esinye sasebenzisa lesi simo.
Ukuzala kanye nekholomu yesikhathi sokuphila
Amakholomu awashadile, isikhathi sokuhlangana kabusha kwabantu siwela kusukela ngoMashi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Abesilisa balwela insikazi, balwa kanzima.
Ukuzala kuzala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-30-40; ku-brood eyodwa kukhona kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-10 amawundlu. Insikazi ilungiselela ukuvela kwayo ngokuhlela isidleke noma umhhume woboya, amaqabunga, utshani obomile.
Izikhulumi ngomama abanakekelayo abanakekela izingane. Ekuqaleni, badinga hhayi kuphela ukuncelisa ubisi, kodwa futhi nokufudumala, ngoba bazalwa benqunu. Amakhaza angawabulala amazinyane.
Insikazi ayivami ukushiya isidleke, izingela kuphela. Isidleke esime njengebhola simbozwe ubulembu noma utshani obomile. Phakathi nenyanga, inzalo ikhula ngenkuthalo: amehlo avulekile, kuvela izinwele, imaski yesici ivela ebusweni. Ukondla ngokudla kwezilwane kuqala: amagundane amancane, izinambuzane.
Abesilisa abanendaba nabancane. Ngekwindla, abantwana bathola ukuzimela ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwabesifazane futhi babe nesizungu, beshiya isidleke. Isikhathi sokuphila sekholomu ezimweni zemvelo asidluli iminyaka engu-2-4. Ekuthunjweni, leli gama landa laya eminyakeni eyi-8-9.
Kuyathakazelisa lokho izipikha ukuthanjiswa, kukhona abazimisele thenga isilwane futhi uyenze ibe ngeyasekhaya. Iba lula kakhulu. Emapulazini, kwakukhona imizamo yokuzalela amakholomu ukuze kutholakale izikhumba zoboya, ezibalulekile phakathi kwezinye. Kepha kuzintshisekelo zezohwebo, i-mink iwine, izindleko zayo eziphakeme.
