Ubuhle, ubungcweti nobukhulu bama-falcons babenza baba yinkazimulo yombusi wezulu. Zingahlukaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama kuphela yizinyo elengeziwe elisenqenqemeni olungezansi loqhwaku.
I-kestrel iyilungu elincane kunazo zonke lohlobo lwe-falcon. Noma kunjalo, inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ukhozi lweKestrel - inyoni ejwayelekile. Ingatholakala eYurophu, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Kulawa mazwekazi, awatholakali kuphela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho naseziqhingini.
Ensimini yaseRussia, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinyoni:i-kestrel evamile futhii-steppe kestrel... Elesibili lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa futhi livikelwe wumbuso.
Izakhamizi zezifunda ezisenyakatho yeYurophu zihamba ekwindla ziye ezifundeni ezifudumele zaseYurophu Ephakathi, iMedithera neNyakatho Afrika, bese zibuyela ekhaya entwasahlobo.
Ngohlobo lwayo, i-kestrel incane ngosayizi
Izakhamizi zezifunda eziseningizimu zihlala ezindaweni zazo unomphela. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi i-kestrel iyingxenye ethileinyoni efudukayo.
Zonke izinhlobo zale nyoni azihlukile kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kufika kuhhafu wemitha ngosayizi, banamaphiko angamasentimitha angaba ngu-70.
Insikazi inesisindo cishe esingu-300 g futhi ingakhula ngesikhathi sokubekwa, kuyilapho abesilisa bengaguquki cishe baba ngama-200 g. Abantu besilisa nabesilisa nabo bayahluka ngombala.
Owesilisa unombala obomvu nemivimbo emnyama, ikhanda lakhe nomphimbo kukhanya kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube mhlophe. Izinsikazi zikhanya futhi zimnyama, amakhanda azo ansundu.
AmaKestrel anemisila namaphiko amade, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ze-falcon zinemisila emifushane nezimpiko ezinde. Izidladla eziphuzi ziphela ngozipho obukhali. Uqhwaku olugobile lumhlophe ezansi futhi lumnyama noma mpunga ekugcineni.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izinyoni zihlala lapho zihlala khona emahlathini (ikakhulukazi ama-conifers), izindawo ezinezintaba, amahlathi, ama-groves kanye namathafa.UKestrel can hlala emigodini noma emigodini yezihlahla, phakathi kwamatshe nasemigodini ehlukene. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwendawo evulekile eseduze yokuzingela.
Thandaperegrine ukhozi, kestrel uhlala kalula emadolobheni. Izidleke zalezi zinyoni zingatholakala kumabhalkhoni, ngaphansi kwama-eaves, emapayipini noma kwezinye izindawo ezingalindelekile. Isidlakudla singabuye sitholakale emapaki nasezinhlakeni zezindawo zokuhlala.
Emzileni, inyoni ingahlala nje ibuke ithrafikhi. Endaweniuhlala kuphi umbulali, kufanele kube nokudla, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzophoqeleka ukuthi kuhanjiswe.
AmaKestrels akazakhi izidleke zawo. Babheka indawo yokuhlala futhi balinde kuze kube yilapho abahlali beyishiya noma bavele baxoshe abanikazi bayo. Kwesinye isikhathi bangalungisa isikhala esihlala abantu. I-Falconry inolaka ikakhulukazi kuma-magpies.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zemvelaphi yegama lale nyoni:
Igama lenyoni livela ekungakwazini kwabantu ukuyithambisa ngokuzingela, ngokombono wabo, inyoni ayisebenziseki futhi ayinalutho.
Igama lesiLatini le-kestrel ngu "ring falcon", futhi impela inezwi elihle kakhulu, elifana nokukhala kwezinsimbi.
Ukudla
Ama-Kestrels yizinyoni ezithanda ukwakha izidleke zamakoloni. Amazwe abo imvamisa awekho ngaphezu kwamahektha angama-30, kanti izidlova azivamile ukundizela kude nazo ngaphezu kwesigamu sekhilomitha.
Okhozi abancane abalawuli ngokuqinile indawo yabo futhi imindeni eminingana ingathola endaweni eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
I-Kestrel - inyoni edla inyama, edla abafo abancane, amagundane, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, izimvukuzane nezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ama-orthopterans (ojekamanzi, izintethe, amakhilikithi, njll.). Kube nezimo ze-kestrel entshontsha izinhlanzi ezincane kubadobi noma ukucosha okusele epikinikini.
Ukuzingelwa okungapheli nokudinwa kwalezi zinswazi kuzenza zibe wusizo kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane kwezolimo. Izinyoni zichitha ama-voles, amagundane, amagundane, izingwejeje zomhlabathi namanye amagundane.
Isidleke seKestrel esinamachwane
Kuze kubanjwe izilwane ezingama-30 ngosuku. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokudla okuningi kangangokuba amaphuphu amancane ahluleka ukudla yonke into futhi indawo yokuhlala igcwala ngokoqobo ngomdlalo.
Ukuzingela okhetshe kudinga indawo enkulu; ngeke afune ukudla emahlathini. UKestrel undiza eyofuna ukudla endaweni ephakeme, ngokuvamile iphakama ngamamitha ayi-10-40.
Ilenga emoyeni futhi ishaya amaphiko ayo, le nyoni ibheka isisulu. Kwesinye isikhathi umhlaseli umane akhethe okuqaphelayo bese kuvela amagundane lapho. Lapho nje isisulu sesivele, i-kestrel iyehlela ezansi, futhi amamitha ambalwa ukusuka emhlabathini asonge amaphiko ayo, awele phansi njengetshe bese ebamba "isidlo sasemini".
Inyoni ingabanda emoyeni futhi inganyakazi, ngasendleleni, ukubona into enjalo iyimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu. Uma umoya uqinisile, i-kestrel ibeka amaphiko ayo nomsila engxenyeni yokuthi ikwazi ukuhlala ngokuphelele emoyeni.
Izinambuzane ezindizayoinyoni kestrel ubamba ngqo emoyeni. Ukuhamba ebusweni bomhlaba, ukhozi lungabamba izinkumbi noma ezinye izinambuzane zasemhlabeni. Kwesinye isikhathi ubadla kakhulu kangangoba akaphakameli aye esibhakabhakeni.
Inyoni esikhathini esinengi ibamba ukudla okuvela phansi, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuthanjiswa ukuzingela. Kancane kakhulu, usebenzisa amaqhinga oklebe - ekudunweni kwemoto, bese ikakhulu ezinyonini ezisencane. I-kestrel ithatha impilo yesisulu sayo ngomlomo wayo obukhali futhi oqinile, ihlaba ikhanda noma iphule i-vertebra yayo.
Le falcon inomkhuba wokubeka ukudla. Ngisho noma singekho isidingo sokudla, inyoni izohlasela isisulu bese iyifihla ukuze isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Ngemuva kokuzingelwa ngempumelelo, zonke izilwane ezithathiwe zibuyiselwa esidlekeni. Izimbangiizizi ekuzingeleni kukhona izikhova... Okhozi kuphela abathola ukudla emini, nezikhova ebusuku.
Amandla we-kestrel abukekayo aphindwe izikhathi ezi-2,5 kunaleyo yabantu. Uma abantu bebengabona ngale ndlela, khona-ke itafula lokuhlola ukubona kwamehlo belingafundwa yibo ebangeni elingamamitha ayikhulu.
I-kestrel evamile ingabona ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ngamehlo. Lesi sici simvumela ukuthi asheshe athole amagundane wokudla, njengoba umchamo wawo uvutha.
Inani lezinyoni ngqo lincike ekutholakaleni kokudla. Lapho amagundane ethe xaxa endaweni enikeziwe, kuba nezinyoni eziningi. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane esetshenziswa ekulawuleni izinambuzane iyathinta nenani lama-kestrels njengoba kunokudla okuncane kubo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
AmaKestrel afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokuzalwa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinyoni siqala entwasahlobo. Owesifazane uheha owesilisa ngomsindo ohlukile futhi umazise ukuthi usekulungele ukukhulelwa.
Indoda iyaqala ukwenza ama-pirouettes ahlukahlukene emoyeni futhi ilethe ukudla kule ntokazi, inqobe inhliziyo yayo. Umuntu wesilisa ukhetha indawo yokuhlala futhi alethe lowo amkhethile lapho.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda nokukhula kwenzalo, izinyoni zingakha amakoloni, kufaka phakathi inqwaba yamabhangqa. Bahlala ndawonye ngokuthula endaweni eyodwa.
Cishe isikhathi esingangenyanga, insikazi iyafukamela kakhulu amaqanda, kwesinye isikhathi iduna liyangena esikhundleni sayo, kepha ngokuyinhloko iletha ukudla. Inani eliphansi lamaqanda abekiwe liyi-2, inani eliphakeme lingu-8. Ngokuvamile kunamaqanda ama-3-6 esidlekeni.
Amachwane ombala omhlophe njengeqhwa ayavela. Umlomo nozipho kunombala ofanayo. Kuphela emva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa lapho ziqala ukumpunga, futhi uzipho - zimnyama. Kwaphela isonto umama ondla izingane yedwa, bese ubaba ejoyina le nqubo.
Amachwane adla kakhulu. Nsuku zonke badla ukudla okulingana nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zesisindo sabo. Ngezikhathi ezivumayo, amaphuphu athola amagundane amaningi ngosuku, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele aneliswe okuncane.
Zikhula ngokushesha futhi zindize ziphume esidlekeni kungakapheli nenyanga, kodwa azishiyi abazali bazo. Ngenye inyanga bafunda ukuthola ukudla futhi ngezikhathi ezithile badinga usizo kubantu abadala.
Ingxenye yamachwane ayiphili ngokuvuthwa ngokugcwele. Amagundane angabhubhisa ikhaya, kanti i-marten ingalimaza isidleke, ama-midges amaningi kanye nama-parasites nawo anciphisa izinga lokusinda kwawo.
Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu abadala abanomlomo okhethekile bangeniswa ezinhlwini zezintuthwane ukusiza ukuqeda izinambuzane. Ngokwemvelo, i-kestrel ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-16, futhi ekuthunjweni kuze kube ngu-24.
Ukhozi oluncane lushesha ukushesha, kwesinye isikhathi lujwayela indawo engathandeki futhi lujwayele kalula kubantu.
Manje sekuthandwa kakhulu ukugcina izinyoni ezincane ezidla inyama ekhaya.Thenga i-kestrel Akunzima kakhulu, futhi uzothola elinye ilungu lomndeni kanye nokuthandwa yiwo wonke umuntu.
