Kulan - isilwane somndeni we-equine, esinokufana okuningi nezihlobo zaso eziseduze kakhulu: ihhashi nembongolo. U-Equus hemionus ubizwa ngegama lakhe elivelele kusosayensi wezilwane waseJalimane uPeter Pallas.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Kulan
AmaKulans angawohlobo lwe-Equus - amahhashi, anokhokho abafanayo nawo. Ama-equids avela ku-Dinohippus, adlula isigaba esiphakathi ngesimo sikaPlesippus. Isilwane esichazwa ngedube eliphethwe izimbongolo, i-Equus simplicidens, sithathwa njengesihlobo esidala kunazo zonke. Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu ezitholakale e-Idaho zineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-3.5 ubudala.
Lolu hlobo lusabalale e-Eurasia, eRussia naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, izinsalela ze-Equus livenzovensis zitholakale lapha. Amathambo atholakala eCanada asukela eMiddle Pleistocene (7 Ma). Amagatsha amadala kakhulu athathwa njengama-hemions ase-Asia: kulan, onager, kiang. Izinsalela zazo ngezasePleistocene yakuqala e-Asia Ephakathi. ENyakatho ye-Asia, e-Arctic Siberia, okhokho bama-kulan batholakala ePleistocene ngasekupheleni.
Ividiyo: Kulan
E-Middle Pleistocene, i-kulan yatholakala yonke indawo e-Asia Ephakathi, ezifundeni ezisemathafeni e-Ukraine, eCrimea, eTranscaucasia naseTransbaikalia. Esikhathini seLate Pleistocene - eNtshonalanga nase-Asia Ephakathi, esigodini soMfula iYenisei. EYakutia, eChina.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezidunjini zaseTexas Middle Pleistocene ngo-1970 kwatholakala izinsalela ze-Equus franciski, efana neYakut.
AmaKulans ngaphandle afana kakhulu nezinye izihlobo zawo - izimbongolo, lesi sici sifakwe engxenyeni yesibili yegama labo lesiLatin - hemionus, semi-imbongolo. Izilwane zibizwa nangokuthi i-jigetai. Zinama-subspecies amaningana, amabili awo asephelile (i-Anatolian neSyria).
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezine ezikhona ze-kulan zitholakala ku-:
- inyakatho ye-Iran - Iranian noma onager (onager),
- I-Turkmenistan neKazakhstan - iTurkmen (kulan),
- IMongolia - iMongolia (hemionus),
- enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya, eningizimu ye-Iraq nasePakistan - eNdiya (khur).
Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi ama-subspecies ase-Iranian naseTurkmen angahlanganiswa, kepha ucwaningo lwesimanje luye lwafakazela ukuthi lwehlukile komunye nomunye. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uhlukaniswe ube uhlobo oluthile oluhlukanisiwe lwe-gobi kulans (luteus).
Kukhona nezinhlobo ezihlobene ezibizwa nge-kiang. Kutholakala entshonalanga yeChina naseTibet, kuze kube muva nje kubhekwe njengama-subspecies amakhulu kunawo wonke e-kulan, kepha ngosizo lwezifundo zamangqamuzana kwafakazelwa ukuthi lolu uhlobo oluhlukile, lwahlukaniswa nama-kulan cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezinhlanu.
Lawa ma-equids anamehlo abone kahle, akunakwenzeka ukusondela kuwo ukudlula ikhilomitha. Kepha angadlula eduze komuntu oqamba amanga, ukukhasa kuye ngeke kusondele kumamitha angama-200. AmaKulans abona imisindo ngokushesha ukwedlula abantu, anqume inkomba yawo. Umuzwa wesilwane wokuhogela muhle kakhulu, yize usekushiseni, emoyeni oshisayo, awusizi kangako.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-kulan
AmaKulans ngaphandle afana kakhulu namahhashi. Banemilenze ephakeme, umzimba mncane, kepha ikhanda alilikhulu ngokulingana, izindlebe ziyinto ephakathi kwembongolo nehhashi. Umsila awufinyeleli emgodini, umbozwe izinwele, ekugcineni, izinwele ezinde zakha ibhulashi elimnyama, njengedube noma imbongolo.
Uboya besilwane bufushane (1 cm), bupendwe ngombala onesihlabathi esiphuzi ngebhilikosi elihle noma ngombala wewolintshi, ngasogwini kukhona umugqa omnyama - ibhande elinezinwele ezinde. Ezinye izindawo zimbozwe ukhilimu omncane noma zimhlophe qwa. Izinhlangothi, ingxenye engaphezulu engenhla yemilenze, ikhanda nentamo kuphuzi ngokwedlulele, ngasemuva ithoni iba lula. Ingxenye engezansi yesifuba, intamo nemilenze ipendwe mhlophe. Isibuko esikhulu futhi sinombala omhlophe, kusuka kuso, sikhuphuka ngaphezu komsila, eceleni kwesiqeshana esimnyama esimnyama, indawo elula emhlophe.
Izindlebe zimhlophe ngaphakathi, ziphuzi ngaphandle, futhi isiphetho sesifinyela naso simhlophe. Umhlwenga omile onsundu omnyama ongenamaqhuqhuva ukhula phakathi kwezindlebe maphakathi nentamo uze ubune. Izinselo ezimnyama zincane, zincane kodwa ziqinile. Kunama-chestnut emilenzeni yangaphambili. Amehlo ansundu. Uhlobo lwasebusika lombala lubamnyama kancane kunolwasehlobo olunombala obuthuntu, ongcolile. Ubude bayo ebusika bufinyelela ku-2,5 cm, i-wavy kancane, iminyene, emgodini, izinwele ezinde zakha umqolo obonakalayo.
Ubude bomuntu omdala bube ngu-2 - 2.2 m. Ukuphakama kwesilwane ekubuneni kufinyelela ku-1.1 - 1.3 m. Ubude bomsila ngaphandle kwentshontshi buyi-45 cm, intshakaza - 70-95 cm. Indlebe ingama-20 cm, ubude bekhanda ngu Amasentimitha angama-46. Abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa, kepha abanakho umehluko ocacile. Izilwane ezincane azinayo imilenze emide ngokulingana, zenza u-80% wokuphakama okuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abakwa-kulans besilisa balwa kanzima ngesikhathi sesizini. Zigijimela isitha, zivala amazinyo, zicindezele izindlebe zazo, zizama ukusibamba ngamahogo. Uma lokhu kuphumelela, i-stallion iqala ukusonta umphikisi aze ayishaye phansi, iwele kuye bese iqala ukuluma entanyeni. Uma umuntu onqotshiwe ezakhele, wavuka wabaleka, khona-ke onqobile, ngemuva kokumbamba, ubamba umsila, ame bese ezama ukuphinda inqubo futhi.
Uhlala kuphi kulan?
Isithombe: Kulan eKazakhstan
Lawa ma-ungulates akhetha ama-steppes asezintabeni, ama-steppes, ama-semi -hlane, izingwadule zasethafeni noma ezinamagquma. Ezindaweni eziningi, bayaphoqeleka ukuthi basuke ezifundeni ezisemaqeleni baye ezindaweni ezingamakhemikhali ezinomkhiqizo ophansi. Ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba nokuwela amabanga asezintabeni, kepha gwema ukubukeka kwamawa. Izilwane zifuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zenyakatho ziye eningizimu, zidlula amakhilomitha ayi-10-20 ngosuku.
Ama-ungulates agwema ukuvela emithambekeni yesihlabathi evulekile. Ngesikhathi seziphepho zothuli neziphepho zeqhwa, bafuna ukucasha ezigodini ezincane. Ezingxenyeni ezingama-semi-desert, ikhetha umhlonyane wokusanhlamvu, u-anyanisi, amadlelo e-saltwort, amahlathi amancanyana. Ebusika, itholakala kaningi ezihlahleni zasogwadule, ama-steppes otshani obotshani.
AmaKulans atholakala emazweni ayisishiyagalombili emhlabeni:
- China;
- IMongolia;
- India;
- Kazakhstan;
- I-Turkmenistan;
- Afghanistan;
- Uzbekistan;
- U-Israyeli.
Emazweni amabili edlule lesi silwane siphinde sabuyiselwa. Izindawo ezinkulu eziseningizimu neMongolia kanye neChina eseduze. Bonke abanye abantu abasele bancane futhi bahlukanisiwe kakhulu, ngokuphelele kunezindawo ezi-17 ezihlukene zalezi zilwane, ezingaxhunyiwe. ETransbaikalia, i-kulan ingatholakala endaweni yeLake Torey Nur, lapho bangena khona bevela eMongolia.
Endaweni yaseBatkhyz (iTurkmenistan), ukufuduka kwesizini kuyabonakala, lapho ehlobo izilwane zihambela eningizimu, ziya e-Afghanistan, lapho kunemithombo eminingi evulekile yamanzi. NgoJuni-Julayi, ama-kulans aqhubekela ngaseningizimu, ngoNovemba ayabuya, yize ingxenye enkulu yabantu ihlala ingasebenzi.
Manje uyazi lapho kulan kuhlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yilan?
Isithombe: kulan yaseTibetan
Leli lungu lomndeni we-equine lithanda izitshalo ezinomsoco ekudleni kwalo, alizidli kahle izihlahlana ezimahhadla. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, imenyu yayo iqukethe okusanhlamvu okuncane okuphefumulayo, anyanisi wasendle ahlukahlukene, namakhambi. Esikhathini sekwindla, isabelo esikhulu siwela emhlangeni, usawoti. Ebusika, okusanhlamvu kuphinde kube ukudla okuyinhloko. Izihlahlana ezahlukahlukene, ameva ekamela, i-saxaul nezithelo ze-kandim kungaba ukudla okuphakanyisiwe.
Ekudleni okuyinhloko kwalaba abangasetshenziswanga, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-15, nazi ezinye zazo:
- i-bluegrass;
- ukuthambeka;
- umlilo womlilo;
- utshani bezimpaphe;
- i-bayalych;
- ebelek;
- kulan-chop;
- isaglur;
- iqabunga kabili;
- i-ephedra;
- isihlahlana hodgepodge.
Ebusika, lapho kungekho khona iqhwa, ama-kulan adla otshanini obufanayo; uma ukujula kwekhava leqhwa kudlula u-10 cm, kuba nzima ukuklaba. Bazama ukuthola ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa, bekumba ngezinselo zabo. Uma iqhwa lilele isikhathi eside futhi ikhava iphakeme, izilwane ezincelisayo kufanele zichithe amandla amaningi ukumba iqhwa. Zikhetha ukuya ezihosheni, ezindaweni eziphansi, ezihosheni, lapho kuneqhwa elincane futhi lapho zidla khona ezihlahleni. Zifuduka ngobuningi ziye ebusika obuneqhwa. Ukusuka eqinisweni lokuthi kufanele bambe isikhathi eside iqhwa elimbozwe uqweqwe, izinselo zezilwane ziphonswa phansi zibe yigazi.
AmaKulan adinga imithombo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yasehlobo. Ebusika, bacima ukoma kwabo ngeqhwa, bancibilikise amanzi kanye nohlaza oluluhlaza oluqukethe amalitha we-10-15 womswakama, kepha baphuza ngokuzithandela uma kukhona imithombo.
Ngenkathi eshisayo, izindawo zokuchelela zibaluleke kakhulu. Uma kungekho ukufinyelela emithonjeni yamanzi, ama-kulan ayashiya lezo zindawo. Uma kutholakala amanzi ebangeni elingu-15-20 km, umhlambi uwuvakashela nsuku zonke ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa. Uma umgodi wokuchelela uqhele ngamashumi amakhilomitha ambalwa, khona-ke izilwane zingenza ngaphandle kokuphuza izinsuku ezingama-2-3, kepha zidinga izindawo zokunisela ezijwayelekile ukuze zibe khona. Uma ehlobo imithombo enjalo yomile noma lezi zindawo zihlala izilwane ezifuywayo, ama-kulan awatholakali.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaKulani angaphuza amanzi anosawoti ababayo, angaphuzwa izimbongolo ngisho namakamela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Kulan emathafeni
AmaKulans ahola impilo yobudlelwano ngokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, imihlambi nayo iyashintsha izinombolo zayo, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukulandela ubukhulu bezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Ehlobo, imihlambi ayidluli ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 ukusuka emithonjeni yamanzi. Uma kunesisekelo sokudla esanele nemithombo yokunisela, akekho noyedwa ophazamisa izilwane, khona-ke angahlala endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside.
Ngokuqedwa kwamadlelo ngezikhathi ezithile, indawo yendawo lapho umhlambi uhlala khona ingakhuphuka kahlanu. Imihlambi ingahambela kude kakhulu futhi ihlangane ibe yimihlambi emikhulu ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Ngokuvamile, izilwane emini ukuphumula amahora 5 - 8, on ushintsho 3 - 5 amahora, sonke isikhathi kudla.
AmaKulans usuku lonke, ehamba kancane emadlelweni, adle uhlaza. Uma kushisa, lapho umiyane ucasula kakhulu, izilwane zingagibela ezindaweni ezinothuli. Izilwane ezincelisayo zikhetha i-shrub ephansi, encane yokulala ebusuku. Ekuseni, bavuke lapho bathambekele khona, bahamba kancane baya emgodini wokunisela oseduzane, ngokuphuma kwelanga basakazeka ogwadule futhi badle kanjena kuze kube kusihlwa, ngokushona kwelanga bahlangana emgodini wokuchelela futhi kancane kancane. Izilwane ziza emanzini ngezindlela ezinyathelwe ezibekwe ezindaweni eziphansi ezivulekile.
Uma umholi ezwa ingozi, khona-ke ugijimela kuqala. Lapho, kuleli cala, umhlambi weluliwe ngobude, i-stallion iyabuya, ibiza izihlobo nge-neigh, izikhuthaza ngokuluma noma ukunyakaza kwekhanda.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho kubulawa eyodwa yezimbila zembila, inkunzi ibuyela kuye isikhathi eside ihamba izungeza, imbiza nge-neigh.
Ijubane lomhlambi ngenkathi ligijima lifinyelela kuma-70 km ngehora, ukuze zikwazi ukumboza cishe i-10 km. Ngejubane elijwayelekile elingamakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora, izilwane zingahamba amabanga amade. Akunakwenzeka ukushayela i-kulan ngehhashi. Lapho zijaha, izilwane zivame ukusika umgwaqo oya emotweni noma umgibeli, okwenza lokhu kuhambe kuze kube kathathu.
Ama-Kulans angadla kude kude nemihlambi yezimvu noma imihlambi yamahhashi, azolile impela ngokuba khona komuntu uma engaphazanyiswa, kepha awahambelani nezimbobo zokunisela ezisetshenziswa yimfuyo, noma ngabe womile kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Cub of kulan
Ama-6-12 kulans akha umhlambi. Inkunzi enkulu ekuyo yiduna elidala, elibheka izimbila zalo nezincane zeminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ama-mares anezinsana angalwa nomndeni. Ebusika, imihlambi iyahlangana ibe yimihlambi. Emphakathini owodwa onjalo, kungaba nabantu abayikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Phambilini, lapho kwakukhona ama-kulan amaningi e-Asia Ephakathi, eKazakhstan, imihlambi yawo yafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zamakhanda.
Imazi endala iyahola umhlambi. Istallion sidla futhi sibheke izihlobo zaso eceleni. Uhola lo mhlambi ngamagagasi ekhanda, ucindezela izindlebe zakhe, futhi uma othile engamlaleli, uyahlaba, avuze amazinyo futhi alume. Owesifazane oholayo akahlali emdala kunabanye, ngaphandle kwakhe kunezinsikazi ezimbalwa. Balalela ngokungangabazeki umdala futhi bahole amanye amalungu omhlambi. Abanye abantu emphakathini bahamba ngababili, baklwebelane, okukhombisa ukuzwana kwabo. Wonke amalungu omphakathi, ngenkathi edla, ephakamisa amakhanda ngezikhathi ezithile, alawula isimo. Njengoba sebebonile ingozi, bakhombisa izihlobo ngayo.
Isikhathi sokuthanyelwa kwama-kulans siyandiswa kusukela ngoJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahhashi agijima azungeze umhlambi, agibele, akhiphe ukukhala. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, abantu abasha bayahlukana futhi babheke ohlangothini. Inkunzi ixosha abesilisa abancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, abafakizicelo banezimpi ezinkulu. Labo ababamba iqhaza emgodini okokuqala bahlukane nomhlambi futhi bazulazule, babheke abesifazane noma izinkomo ngehhashi elincane, ukuze bangene empini naye yokutholwa nezinduna.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11, izingane zivela ngo-Ephreli-Julayi. Inkonyane liyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha, kodwa liyakhathala ngokushesha. Uqala elele otshanini, kanti umama wakhe udla kude. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, usevele angabalekela ingozi nomhlambi. Ngemuva kwenyanga, uhlala ehamba nomhlambi, ezondla ngotshani.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho insikazi ingenisa imbongolo emhlambini, abazalwa nayo bayayihogela, kwesinye isikhathi bayazama ukuluma, kepha umama uyayivikela ingane. Uyakhala futhi alume, aqhube izikhukhula ezinolaka. Istallion siphinde sivikele i-kulanok ekuhlaselweni ezinye izinsikazi noma abantu abasha.
Izitha zemvelo zama-kulans
Isithombe: Kulany
Impisi ingenye yezilwane eziyingozi. Kepha azibangeli ukulimala okubonakalayo kulezi zilwane. Umhlambi uyakwazi ukuzimela. Ngisho insikazi, evikela inkonyane, ingaphuma ngokunqoba nge-duel ephethe isitha. Ebusika obukhulu, izilwane ezibuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisencane, zivame ukuba yizisulu zezimpisi. Usongo kuma-kulans luvela ngenxa yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kwenyama, izikhumba, amafutha, okubhekwa njengokwelapha, njengesibindi. Ukuzingela lezi zilwane akuvunyelwe kuwo wonke amazwe, kepha ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuyenzeka.
EMongolia, ingozi idalwa ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kwengqalasizinda, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezimayini, okuholela kwizithiyo zokufuduka. Umthelela omubi wezimayini nezinkwali ezindaweni ezisebenza emanzini awuzange ucwaningwe nawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babalelwa ku-60 000 abavukuzi abangekho emthethweni abaguqula njalo imvelo yabo futhi bangcolise imithombo. Izinsongo enyakatho neChina zihlobene nokuqiniswa kokukhishwa kwezinsizakusebenza, osekuvele kwaholela ekuqedweni kwezingxenye zesiqiwu saseKalamayli, ukubhujiswa kocingo nokuncintisana kuka-anyanisi nabelusi bendawo nemfuyo yabo.
E-Little Kachskiy Rann e-India, ukwehla kwabantu kuhlotshaniswa namandla amakhulu womsebenzi wabantu. Amaphethini wokusetshenziswa komhlaba aseshintshile selokhu kwaqaliswa iphrojekthi yedamu iMega Narmada, okuholele ekutheni imisele yaseSardar-Sarovar itholakale ezungeze indawo evikelekile. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi eSardar-Sarovar Canal eRanne kuvimbela ukuhamba kuka-anyanisi ogwadule olunosawoti.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kulany
Ngaphambilini, indawo yokuhlala yama-kulans yasakazeka emaqeleni nasemathafeni ogwadule eRussia Federation, eMongolia, enyakatho neChina, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-India, e-Asia Ephakathi, eMiddle East, kufaka phakathi i-Iran, i-Peninsula yase-Arabia kanye ne-Malaya Peninsula. Namuhla, indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko yalezi zinhlobo iseningizimu yeMongolia neChina eseduze. Bonke abanye abantu abasele bancane futhi bahlukanisiwe kakhulu komunye nomunye.
AmaKulans alahlekelwe yi-70% yendawo yawo yokuhlala kusukela ngekhulu le-19 futhi manje asanyamalala emazweni amaningi ebanga langaphambili, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuncintisana nemfuyo emadlelweni nasezindaweni zokunisela, kanye nangenxa yokuzingela ngokweqile. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke esisele sitholakala eningizimu yeMongolia nasezingxenyeni eziseduze neChina. Lawa ngamakhanda angama-40,000, kanti eTrans-Altai Gobi mhlawumbe kukhona amanye ayi-1 500. Lokhu kungamaphesenti angama-75 abantu bonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezilwane eziyizi-5 000 ezitholakala eChina elingumakhelwane, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni iXinjiang.
I-kulan itholakala eMaly Kachsky Run eNdiya - amakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezine. Inani labantu lesine ngobukhulu litholakala e-Altyn-Emel National Park eningizimu-mpumalanga yeKazakhstan. Ibuyiselwe ngokubuyiselwa, yizilwane ezingama-2500-3000.Kunabantu ababili ababuyiselwe bodwa eKazakhstan esiqhingini saseBarsa-Kelmes, esinezilwane ezilinganiselwa ku-347, esiqiwini i-Andasay esinabantu abangaba ngu-35. Sekukonke, kunezilwane ezingaba ngu-3100 eKazakhstan.
Iqembu lesihlanu ngobukhulu lisendaweni yaseKatruye National Park nasendaweni evikelekile eBahram-i-Goor eningizimu yengxenye emaphakathi ye-Iran - amayunithi angama-632. Inani eliphelele e-Iran cishe lingezilwane ezingama-790. E-Turkmenistan, kunama-kulan kuphela endaweni evikelwe ngokuqinile yase-Badkhyz, emngceleni we-Iran ne-Afghanistan. Ukuhlolwa kweBadkhyz ngo-2013 kwaveza abantu abangama-420, ukwehla ngo-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2008. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngo-2012, 2014 nango-2015 kukhombisa ukuthi izinombolo zingase zibe ngaphansi kakhulu.
Ukuphindwaphindwa kweSarykamysh Zapovednik kube yimpumelelo enkulu, lapho inani labantu bendawo lezilwane ezingama-300-350, lisabalalela ezweni elingumakhelwane i-Uzbekistan, lapho kukholakala ukuthi kuhlala khona ezinye ezingama-50. Zonke ezinye izingosi zokuphindaphinda ziseningizimu. Lokhu cishe ngabantu abayi-100 esiqiwini semvelo iMeana-Chacha, abayi-13 eWestern Kopetdag no-10-15 eKurukhaudan. Sekukonke, zingu-920 izilwane ezihlala eTurkmenistan nase-Uzbekistan eseduzane. Abantu ababuyiselwe kabusha eNegev kwa-Israyeli njengamanje balinganiselwa kubantu abangama-250. Emhlabeni, inani eliphelele lama-kulan liyizinkulungwane ezingama-55. Isilwane sisesimweni sokuba sesimweni esiseduze nokusongela.
Ukuvikelwa kwama-kulans
Isithombe: Kulans ovela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Encwadini Ebomvu, lesi silwane ngo-2008 sahlukaniswa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Muva nje, ubukhulu besibalo sabantu sebuzinzile ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithile ezithathiwe ukuvikelwa kanye nokwenziwa kabusha. Kuwo wonke amazwe, ukuzingelwa kwalezi zilwane akuvumelekile futhi kwakhiwe izindawo ezivikelekile ukuvikela ama-kulan. Kepha zonke lezi zindawo azibalulekile endaweni, futhi azikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokudla, imithombo yamanzi unyaka wonke, futhi zibambe iqhaza ekubuyiselweni kwabantu. Emaphethelweni ezindaweni ezivikelekile, izilwane zibulawa ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Ngeshwa, e-2014, i-China ikhansele ingxenye enkulu yeKalamayli Sanctuary, isiphephelo esikhulu sama-kulans eXinjiang, ukuze kuvunyelwe ukumba amalahle lapho. Amazwe Avikelwe E-Badkhyz eTurkmenistan naseGreat Gobi National Park eMongolia afakwa ohlwini lwabazongenelwa ukhetho lokuphakanyiswa njengezindawo ezingamagugu emhlabeni ze-UNESCO. E-Badkhyz, ukunwetshwa kwesiqiwi semvelo sikahulumeni, iziqiwi ezengeziwe eziseduze zemvelo kanye nomhubhe wemvelo ovikela ukufuduka kwesizini kwama-kulans kuyaqhubeka.
Kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi kubuyiswe "umhubhe onqamula imvelo" ohlanganisa isiqiwi seKalamayli esifundazweni saseXinjiang eChina kanye nendawo evikelwe ngokuqinile yaseGobi eMongolia ngokusebenzisa umkhawulo wamazwe womabili. Amaphrojekthi amasha wokubuyisa kabusha okwamanje axoxwa eKazakhstan nase-Iran.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda esheshayo kuletha enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekulondolozweni kwama-ungulates afudukayo. Ukwamukelwa kwamazinga amasha okunxephezelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngonyaka wezi-2012 kungaba yithuluzi elihle lokuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusinda kwezinhlobo zezilwane eziyimizulane ezinjengama-kulan.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/12/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 15
