Imfene Isilwane esincane, esidlalayo futhi esihlekisayo. Izici ezihlukile ubuhlakani obusheshayo nokuzijabulisa okuhle kwesilwane. Imvamisa lezi zilwane zisetshenziswa njengamaqhawe ombukiso wesekisi, njengoba zithintana nabantu ngokuzithandela futhi kulula ukuziqeqesha. Inkawu inesayizi yomzimba omncane, ingummeleli womndeni wenkawu. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezinkawu ezincane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Monkey
Izinkawu zingezilwane ezincelisayo ezixakile; izinkawu, umndeni wezinkawu, uhlobo lwezinkawu zihlukaniswa ngokulandelana. Izinkawu zibhekwa njengezidalwa ezihlobene kakhulu nabantu. Umbono wemvelaphi yabo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ubuyela emuva emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngisho nasezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi i-DNA yabantu nezinkawu inokufana okungaphezu kuka-80%. Ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwe-DNA lubonise ukuthi inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemfene nabantu yahluka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-6.5 edlule.
Ngokusho kososayensi, okhokho bokuqala nabakude kakhulu bezinkawu zanamuhla bavela emhlabeni ngesikhathi seCenozoic. Kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-66 edlule. Izinkawu zokuqala zazidla kuphela izinambuzane, izibungu nezibungu futhi zihlala emiqhele yemithi emide. Okhokho basendulo bezinkawu zanamuhla ze-humanoid babebizwa ngama-lemurs asendulo. Bavusa izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu.
Ividiyo: Inkawu
Ukutholwa kwezinsalela eziningi okutholwe abavubukuli kukhombisa ukuthi imidlwane yokuqala yavela endaweni yase-Egypt yanamuhla. Lesi sifunda sasinamahlathi amakhulu, anomswakama, asezindaweni ezishisayo okwakuyindawo ekahle yalezi zilwane.
Okhokho basendulo bezinkawu zanamuhla baba okhokho bezinhlobo zezinkawu ezifana ne-gigantopithecus. Zazizinkulu ngosayizi futhi zazingafani ngobuhlakani nangokuhlakanipha. Usayizi womzimba wabantu abathile weqe ngamamitha amathathu. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokupholisa, iningi lazo laphela. Kodwa-ke, baveza iDryopithecus, eyayinezilinganiso zomzimba ezincane futhi yahlukaniswa ngomlingiswa odlalayo nangobuhlakani obusheshayo. Yilezi zinhlobo zezinkawu zasendulo ososayensi ababiza ngabamele bokuqala bale nhlobo, abasondele kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zesimanje.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inkawu ibukeka kanjani
Izinkawu zibhekwa njengezinkawu ezincane kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wabo busuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwayi-100. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa kakhulu kulezi zilwane. Abesilisa banosayizi abakhulu bomzimba kunabesifazane. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo, abanye babamele bayo bangaba nomsila onomona, omude futhi omncane, kanti abanye abanawo nhlobo. Ubude bomsila kwezinye izinhlobo bungaphezu kobude bomzimba wawo buze bufinyelele imitha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Umzimba ubuye uncike ezinhlotsheni. Kungaba mncane futhi kunwetshiwe, kungaba kukhulu futhi kube nokuqina. Ingemuva lomlenze lihlale lifushane kunangaphambili. Nabo, njengabantu, banezandla ezincane kunezinyawo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izandla zithuthukile impela futhi izinkawu zizisebenzisa ngobuciko njengezandla. Umunwe ngamunye unocwecwe lwesipikili olucabalele. Isithupha, njengasebantwini, sehlukile komunye nomunye umuntu. Kulezo zinkawu ezinomzimba omkhulu, oqinile, isithupha asithuthukile kakhulu, noma asikho nhlobo.
Ukuma nosayizi wekhanda nakho kuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo. Kungaba kuncane, noma kukhulu, kuhlangane, kuyindilinga, noma kube ngunxantathu. Ingxenye engaphambili ivame ukwandiswa, amakhala ahlala eduze komunye nomunye. Amehlo angaba setha ngokujulile, angaba makhulu futhi aveze kakhulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu zinezinwele ezinde nezinosilika, kepha hhayi ezinyene njengezinye izinhlobo zenkawu. Umbala ungahluka kakhulu, kuya ngama-subspecies: grey, brown, greenish, blue, black, brown, njll. Uboya busibekela cishe wonke umzimba, ngaphandle kwamathe ezinyawo, ingaphambili lekhanda, kanye ne-ischium. Ezinye izinhlobo zingenaboya endaweni yesifuba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinkawu zinesakhiwo somhlathi esifana nesabantu. Banesimo samazinyo esicishe sifane, futhi isibalo sabo singama-32. Izinkawu zihlukaniswa ubuchopho obuthuthuke kakhulu kanye nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesisu.
Ihlala kuphi inkawu?
Isithombe: Monkey monkey
Izinkawu zisheshe zivumelane cishe nanoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila.
Emvelweni wabo wemvelo, bangahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.:
- imihlume;
- izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi;
- amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo;
- ihlathi;
- izindawo ezinezintaba noma ezinamagquma;
- izindawo ezivulekile, amathafa, noma izigodi ezinkulu zemifula.
Izifunda eziyinhloko zezinkawu yizwekazi lase-Afrika, ngaphandle kweMadagascar, izifunda ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu yamazwe aseMelika kanye ne-Australia.
Izinkawu zivame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu osayizi abahlukahlukene. Iqembu ngalinye linendawo yalo yokuhlala. Bajwayele ukuphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, futhi iningi labo lihlala esifundeni esisodwa. Kunezigaba ezintathu zezinkawu: i-arboreal, echitha iningi lempilo yayo emagatsheni nasemiqhele yezihlahla ezinde, nasemhlabeni, ezihlala ziphinde zidle ebusweni bomhlaba. Kukhona nohlobo lwezilwane oluxubekile - zikhona ngokulinganayo emagatsheni ezihlahla nasebusweni bomhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwezihlahla ezinde, ezisakazekayo, imihume, imihosha, nezinye izindawo ezivalekile zivame ukukhethwa njengezindawo zasebusuku, ezisiza ukucasha ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, futhi zifihle izingane zazo kuzo zize ziqine futhi zikulungele ukushiya izindawo zokukhosela.
Manje uyazi lapho inkawu ihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yinkawu?
Isithombe: Imfene esihlahleni
Ngokwemvelo yazo, izinkawu zingama-omnivorous noma ama-herbivorous animals. Ukudla kuncike kuma-subspecies nasendaweni ohlala kuyo.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokuphakela izilwane:
- izithelo ezintsha, ezinamanzi amaningi;
- amahlumela amnandi otshani obuluhlaza;
- amahlamvu;
- imbewu;
- ama-inflorescence;
- iziqu zezimbali;
- izibungu;
- amakhowe;
- amantongomane;
- izinambuzane ezincane.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu zingadla amabhungane, izibungu, izicabucabu, amacimbi, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincane, amanzi angenasawoti, izibankwa, onogwaja, njll. Imvamisa kukhona abameleli bama-subspecies athile adla izinyoni ezincane, angaphuza amaqanda awo. Izinkawu cishe azihambi lapho kuniselwa khona, ngoba isidingo somzimba soketshezi sigcwaliswa ngezinhlobo ezinamanzi ezimila eziluhlaza nezithelo ezivuthiwe zezihlahla zezithelo.
Izinkawu zokudla zivame ukukhishwa ngezitho zazo zangaphambili futhi zisetshenziswe njengezandla. Ukutshala ukudla kweminye imiphakathi kungama-30-35% kuphela wokudla okuphelele kwansuku zonke. Okunye ukudla kugcwaliswa ngamaprotheni, ukudla kwezilwane. Kwezinye izifunda lapho kufika khona isikhathi semvula, kunzima ukuthola ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, cishe awekho amajikijolo, izithelo namantongomane emahlathini, ama-savanna. Bese-ke umthombo wokudla oyinhloko wezinhlobo ezidla kakhulu imbewu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukudla kwansuku zonke komuntu omdala oyedwa kusuka ku-1 kuya kwamakhilogremu amathathu okudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinkawu
Ngokwemvelo, izinkawu ezincane zinikezwe ubuchopho obuthuthuke kakhulu, obukhulisa amathuba abo okusinda futhi buzivumele ukuba zivumelane cishe nanoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila. Futhi kusukela ekuzalweni banomuzwa ongemuhle wokunuka.
Isimo sezinkawu ezincane sithandana kakhulu futhi sinobungane. Ngokwemvelo babusiswa ngokuba nelukuluku. Indlela yokuphila yezinhlobo eziningi ixubekile: yasemhlabeni kanye ne-arboreal. Iningi labamele izinhlobo ezahlukene izinkawu zasemini. Bavame ukuphumula ebusuku. Izinkawu, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, akuvamile ukuhola indlela yokuphila yodwa. Bahlala endaweni yeqembu. Inani labantu eqenjini elilodwa elinjalo lingahluka: kusuka kwabangu-10 kuye kwabangu-30. Amanye, ikakhulukazi amaqembu amakhulu, abalelwa kubantu abayikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Eqenjini ngalinye kunowesilisa owenza imisebenzi yomholi, umholi.
Izinkawu ngokwemvelo zizolile, zinobungane futhi azithambekele ekuboniseni ulaka kubamele bezinhlobo zazo noma ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Okuhlukile yisikhathi sokuzala, lapho abesilisa belwa omunye nomunye ilungelo lokuhlangana nowesifazane.
Emini, izilwane ngokuyinhloko zizitholela ukudla kwazo, ziyabanda. Omunye nomunye uchitha isikhathi esiningi ekunakekeleni uboya babo. Ngakho-ke, balahla izimuncagazi bese begcina ijazi lihlanzekile futhi liqoqekile. Ebusuku, izinkawu ikakhulukazi ziyaphumula. Ukulala ebusuku kuvame ukuhlelwa emihumeni, ematsheni noma emifantwini yezintaba, imiqhele yezihlahla ezinamagatsha.
Njengendlela yokuxhumana, izinkawu zenza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Ngosizo lwabo, izinkawu zixwayisa izihlobo ngengozi engaba khona, zibizane ngosizo, njll. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imisindo ehlukahlukene yezinkawu ihluke kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby monkey
Izinkawu zesifazane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ezineminyaka yobudala engama-3-5. Le minyaka ingahluka kubamele bezinhlobo ezahlukene. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kaningi asigcini kunoma iyiphi inkathi futhi singenzeka unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba zingagcinwa esikhathini esithile, kuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda sokuhlala.
Indoda enamandla kunayo yonke futhi enolwazi kakhulu inelungelo lokuhlangana nowesifazane ayithandayo. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bancintisana ngelungelo lokukhwelana. Owesilisa uhlale ebheka umuntu angaba umlingani wakhe. Uyambuka isikhashana. Uma emthanda futhi ekulungele ukuhlangana naye, ubrasha uboya bakhe. Lesi yisiqalo sobudlelwano.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka. Kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ezimweni eziningi, kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa, kuyaqabukela kube mabili. Amalungu amaningi ezinhlobo aletha inzalo njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Ukubeletha kuvame ukuvela ebusuku. Abesifazane bayahamba bayozala izihlahla, imihume noma imihosha. Lapho nje ingane izalwa, iqala ukubambelela eboyeni bukanina ngeminwe eqinile. Uyibamba ngomsila. Izingane zizalwa zibuthakathaka futhi zingenakuzisiza. Izinyanga zokuqala zokuphila, abesifazane basebenzisa isikhathi esiningi namandla okunakekela izingane zabo. Isikhathi sokuncelisa sithatha izinyanga eziyisithupha ngokwesilinganiso.
Lapho izingane ziqina kancane, zifunda ukushesha futhi zikhuphukele emhlane wonina. Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi iyahamba nayo kancane kancane. Njengoba amawundlu ekhula futhi eba namandla, abesifazane abemi nawo emhlane bawafundisa ukuthi angakuthola kanjani futhi akuthole kanjani ukudla, futhi abafundise ngamakhono okuzilondoloza. Omama futhi banikela ngesikhathi esiningi ekufundiseni izingane ukuqina, ijubane lokugibela ezihlahleni, kanye nokuxhumana nezihlobo.
Lapho befika ebusheni, bashiya imindeni yabo baphile impilo yokuzimela, nokuzihlukanisa. Isilinganiso sokuphila okulindelekile ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-16-20.
Izitha zemvelo zenkawu
Isithombe: Inkawu ibukeka kanjani
Ezindaweni zazo zemvelo, izinkawu zinezitha ezimbalwa. Ukukwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu ezihlahleni kuyabasiza ukuthi baphile, futhi bangakhuphuka masinyane ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi banesibindi.
Izitha zifaka:
- abamele izidlo zomndeni we-feline - izingulule, amabhubesi, ama-jaguar, izingwe;
- izinhlobo ezidla izinyoni ezinkulu - izinkozi, ama-ermines, amahabhu;
- ocelots;
- ezihuquzelayo.
Izitha zezinkawu zifaka nabantu. Imisebenzi yakhe ibaphuca ikhaya labo. Umuntu ushaya phansi impungushe, abhubhise futhi abhubhise indawo yemvelo yezinkawu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezanda kakhulu kunomthelela ekwehliseni nasekuqedweni kwesisekelo sefolishi, nakho okuthinta kabi inani lezilwane.
Izinkawu ngokwemvelo ziyizilwane ezifuna ukwazi kakhulu futhi ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kuvame ukubulala kubo. Izinkawu zingabamba inyoka eyingozi, noma isicabucabu esinobuthi, esilunywa ngaso ngokuvamile siyingozi ezilwaneni ezincane. Izinkawu nazo ziyazwela ekuguqukeni kwezimo zezulu kanye nokungcola kwemvelo ezifundeni zazo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Monkey monkey
Namuhla, inani lezinkawu endaweni yazo yemvelo alibangeli kukhathazeka. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izizwe zabantu bezwekazi lase-Afrika zachitha izinkawu ngobuningi bazo. Babhekwa njengabathwali bezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi, futhi babangela nomonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni zokulima zezolimo.
Izinkawu zazivame ukudla izitshalo zezimpande, imbewu, izithelo zezihlahla zezithelo, amahlumela amancane ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlaza. Izizwe eziningi zazidla inyama yalezi zilwane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoAbantu abaningi bezwekazi lase-Afrika basebenzisa izinkawu njengabasizi emakhaya. Babaqeqesha futhi babafundisa nekhono lokuhlanganisa ubhanana noma ukhukhunathi.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani lezinkawu alithintekanga kakhulu, futhi lisabalele emvelweni ngenxa yekhono labo lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha zokuhlala. Ama-subspecies amaningi akhona ezimweni zamapaki kazwelonke kanye neziqiwi. Imfene Isilwane esithakazelisa kakhulu, esiphilayo futhi esinobudlelwano. Kulula ukuqeqesha nokujabulela ukuhlangana nabantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/07/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/28/2019 ngo-22: 41
