Uma ubheka isithombe salesi silwane emgodini, imizwa emibili ivela ngokuzibandakanya emphefumulweni: ukwesaba nokuncoma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyakuqonda lokho Inkosi uCobra iyingozi ngokweqile futhi inobuthi, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu angamncoma, empeleni, i-athikili yasebukhosini nokubukeka kobukhosi okuziqhenyayo, okuzimele, okuvele kuthakathe. Sizoqonda kahle kakhulu empilweni yakhe, echaza hhayi kuphela uhlangothi lwangaphandle, kodwa futhi nemikhuba, isimilo, isimo senyoka.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: King Cobra
Imfezi yenkosi ibizwa nangokuthi i-hamadryad. Isirhubuluzi singesomhlobo wegama elifanayo lamakhosi enkosi, ongummeleli womndeni we-asp. Lo mndeni ubanzi kakhulu futhi unobuthi kakhulu, uhlanganisa imikhakha engama-61 nezinhlobo ezingama-347 zezidalwa ezinyoka. Mhlawumbe i-king cobra yinyoka enkulu kunazo zonke enezinyoka ezinobuthi. Ubude bayo bungaba ngaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu nohhafu, kepha izinhlobo ezinjalo azivamile, ngokwesilinganiso, ubude benyoka ngamamitha ama-3 - 4.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Imfezi enkulu kunazo zonke yabanjwa ngo-1937, ubude bayo babungamamitha angu-5.71, yachitha impilo yayo yezinyoka eLondon Zoo.
Ngokuvamile, lona kanye igama elithi "cobra" labuyela emuva ekhulwini leshumi nesithupha ngenkathi yokutholakala kwezwe okukhulu kunakho konke. AmaPutukezi, ayezozinza eNdiya, ahlangana lapho nenyoka ekhanyisiwe, abaqala ukuyibiza ngokuthi "Cobra de Capello", okusho ukuthi "inyoka egqoke isigqoko" ngesiPutukezi. Ngakho-ke leli gama laba nezimpande kuzo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinekhanda. Igama le-king cobra lihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelesiLatini ngokuthi "ukudla inyoka."
Ividiyo: King Cobra
Izazi ze-Herpetologists zibize le hannah ezihuquzelayo, ehambisana negama lesiLatini (Ophiophagus hannah), bahlukanisa imfezi yenkosi ngamaqembu amabili ahlukene:
- AmaShayina (amazwekazi) anemivimbo ebanzi nomhlobiso ofanayo emzimbeni wonke;
- I-Indonesian (isiqhingi) - izinyoka ezinombala ofanayo ezinamabala angalingani ombala obomvu emphinjeni nemivimbo emincane ekhanyayo etholakala ngaphesheya.
Kunombono oyiphutha wokuthi inkosi imfezi iyinyoka enobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, lokhu kuyinkohliso. Isiqu esinjalo sanikezwa uTaipan McCoy, onobuthi obunobungozi obuphindwe ka-180 futhi obunamandla kunobuthi bukaHamadryad. Kukhona ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinesihlungu esinamandla ukwedlula i-king cobra.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoka yemfezi yaseKing
Sithole usayizi we-king cobra, kepha ubukhulu bayo kuma-specimens aphakathi nendawo bufinyelela cishe kuma-kilogram ayisithupha, kokukhulu kufinyelela kwayishumi nambili. Ibona ubungozi, imfezi iphusha izimbambo zesifuba ngendlela yokuthi kuvele okuthile okufana ne-hood ngaphezulu. Uyisici sakhe sangaphandle esibaluleke kakhulu. Ku-hood kunezihlangu eziyisithupha ezinkulu zombala omnyama, ezinesimo esiyindilinga.
Isigqoko sinamandla okuvuvukala ngenxa yobukhona bezikhumba zesikhumba ezisezinhlangothini. Ngenhla kwekhanda le-cobra kunendawo eyisicaba ngokuphelele, amehlo ezihuquzelayo mancane, imvamisa anombala omnyama. Amazinyo ezinyoka ezinobungozi futhi anobuthi akhula afike kusentimitha elilodwa nohhafu.
Umbala wenyoka evuthiwe uvame ukuba ngumnqumo omnyama noma onsundu ngamasongo alula emzimbeni, noma kungadingeki. Umsila wesilwane esihuquzelayo unamanzi noma umnyama ngokuphelele. Umbala wezinsizwa uvame ukuba nsundu nsundu noma umnyama, ube mhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ube phuzi, imivimbo egijima kuwo igqame kuwo. Ngethoni yombala wenyoka nemivimbo ekuyo, ungaqagela ukuthi imaphi amaqembu angenhla (amaShayina noma ama-Indonesia) imfezi engaka. Umbala wesikali esisogwini lwenyoka uncike endaweni ehlala imfezi, ngoba ukuzifihla kwesirhubuluzi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kungaba ngemibala elandelayo:
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- nsundu;
- mnyama;
- ophuzi onesihlabathi.
Umbala wesisu uhlala ulula ukwedlula ingxenye yasemuva, imvamisa iba yi-beige elula.
Uhlala kuphi u-king cobra?
Isithombe: Red Book King Cobra
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwenkosi cobra inkulu kakhulu. I-Southeast Asia ingabizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuzalwa yomndeni wezinyoka we-aspids, i-king cobra ayikho lapha, isakaze kabanzi kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Asia. Lesi silwanyana esihuquzelayo sahlala ngokuqinile eNdiya, engxenyeni eseningizimu yezintaba ze-Himalaya, sakhetha eningizimu yeChina saya esiqhingini saseHainan. UCobra uzizwa kahle ngobukhulu be-Indonesia, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Singapore, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand.
UHanna uthanda amahlathi aswakeme, asezindaweni ezishisayo, ukhetha ukuba khona kwehlathi elicinene. Ngokuvamile, umuntu oyinyoka angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo zemvelo ezihlukene kanye namathafa. Ingabhaliswa futhi ezindaweni ezingama-savanna, ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi emihlume, ezihlahleni eziminyene zoqalo.
Ososayensi benze ucwaningo futhi balandela umkhondo wokuhamba kwama-king cobras besebenzisa ama-beacon alawulwa ngomsakazo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela ukuthi ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala endaweni ethile, kanti ezinye zizulazula ezindaweni ezintsha ezingamakhilomitha angamashumi ukusuka ezindaweni ezazibhalise kuzo ngaphambili.
Manje ama-king cobra aya ngokuya ahlala eduze nemizana yabantu. Kungenzeka, lesi yisinyathelo esiphoqelelwe, ngoba abantu babaxosha ngamandla ezindaweni ezinabantu, balima umhlaba futhi bagawula amahlathi, lapho izinyoka ebezinze khona kusuka endulo. Izimfene nazo zihehwa yizinkundla ezilinyiwe, ngoba lapho ungadla ngazo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane, okuvame ukwenziwa yizinyoka ezisencane.
Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi i-king cobra ihlala kuphi, ake sibone ukuthi idlani.
Udlani umfezi wenkosi?
Isithombe: INkosi eyiCobra eyingozi
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi imfezi yenkosi ibizwa ngokuthi idla izinyoka, okuyizivakashi ezivamile kwimenyu yayo yezinyoka, equkethe:
- abagijimi;
- keffiye;
- i-boyg;
- izibaya;
- izimbungulu;
- imfezi.
Phakathi kwemfezi, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ukuthi abantu abadala badla amawundlu abo amancane. Ngaphezu kwezinyoka, ukudla kwe-king cobra kufaka nezilonda ezinkulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukuqapha izibankwa. Njengoba sekushiwo, izilwane ezincane azikwenqeni ukudla amagundane. Kwesinye isikhathi izimfene zidla amaxoxo nezinye izinyoni.
Ekuzingeleni, imfezi iba nenhloso futhi ibe nobungcweti, ngokulandela ngolaka inyamazane yayo. Okokuqala, uzama ukubamba isisulu ngomsila, bese efuna ukuluma okubulalayo endaweni eyinhloko noma eduze kwaso. Ubuthi obunamandla kakhulu bemfezi yenkosi bubulala isisulu khona lapho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amazinyo emfezi amafushane futhi awanawo amandla okusonga, njengezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke uHana uzama ukubamba inyamazane ukuze ayilume kaningana. Futhi ushevu onamandla kunawo wonke walesi silwane esihuquzelayo ubulala ngisho nendlovu enkulu, imvamisa cishe amalitha ayisithupha amamililitha emzimbeni walowo olunywe yilesi sifo. I-toxin enobuthi ithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, lwenze ukuthi kube nzima ukuphefumula; kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa elunywe, isisulu sibanjwa ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: inkosi yezimfezi, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningi, ayihlanganyeli ekuminzeni. Ubekezelela ngokukhululekile isiteleka sezinyanga ezintathu sokulamba, lapho afukamela khona inzalo yakhe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: King cobra emvelweni
Kwabaningi, imfezi ihlotshaniswa ne-stand kanye ne-hood evuvukele, eyasebukhosini ayiyona into ehlukile. Isirhubuluzi sijikela phezulu, siphakamise ingxenye yesithathu yomzimba waso. Lesi sikhundla somzimba asikunqandi ukunyakaza kobunyoka, kukhombisa ukuthi isilwane esihuquzelayo silawula ezinye izihlobo ze-cobra lapho izimpi zenzeka ngenkathi yomshado. Empini, imfezi ebikwazile ukubamba umphikisi ngqo esihlokweni iyanqoba empini. Umphikisi onqotshiwe ushiya lesi simo futhi uyasuswa. Ngephimpi, ubuthi bayo abunabo ubuthi, izinyoka sekunesikhathi eside zakha amasosha omzimba, ngakho-ke ama-duelists awafi ngokulunywa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-king cobra, ngesikhathi sobudlova, ingenza umsindo ofana nokubhonga, ngenxa ye-tracheal diverticula, ezwakala ngefrikhwensi ephansi.
UCobra uvuka ngesimo hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi semidlalo yomshado, ngakho uxwayisa ongahlelekile ngokuhlaselwa okungenzeka. Ubuthi bayo bukhubaza imisipha yokuphefumula, okuholela ekufeni kwalabo abalunyiwe. Umuntu othole umuthi onobuthi ngeke aphile isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora, ngaphandle kwalapho umuthi okhethekile wethulwa ngokushesha emzimbeni, futhi akuwona wonke umuntu onaleli thuba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imiphumela ebulalayo yabantu evela ekulunyweni yinkosi cobra imbalwa, yize ubuthi benyoka nobudlova kubalulekile.
Ososayensi bachaza lokhu ngeqiniso lokuthi ubuthi benkosi budingeka yimfezi ngokuzingela okukhiqizayo, ngoba ishwabadela ezinye izinyoka, ngakho-ke ezinwabuzelayo konga ubuthi bayo obubalulekile futhi abumoshelwa ize kubo. Ukwesabisa umuntu, uHannah uvame ukumluma engenzi lutho, ngaphandle kokujova ushevu. Inyoka inokuzithiba nokubekezela okuphawulekayo futhi ngeke ingene ezingxabanweni ngaphandle kwesizathu. Uma ubeseduze, khona-ke kungcono ukuthi umuntu ahlale ezingeni leso lakhe azame ukuqandisa, ngakho-ke uHana uzoqonda ukuthi alukho usongo, futhi uzohlehla.
Ukukhula kwemfezi yasebukhosini kuyaqhubeka kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, okuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, kudlule uphawu lweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Inqubo yokuchitheka kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo yenzeka izikhathi ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6 minyaka yonke, okuletha ingcindezi enkulu ebukhosini. Ihlala cishe izinsuku eziyishumi, ngaleso sikhathi inyoka iba sengozini enkulu, futhi izama ukuthola indawo efudumele ecashile. Ngokuvamile, izimfene zithanda ukucasha emihosheni nasemihumeni ephephile, ngobuciko zikhasa emiqhele yezihlahla futhi zibhukuda kahle.
Imfezi yenkosi ehlala e-zoo ayivamile kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yesimo sengqondo esinolaka esikhulayo se-reptile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi umuntu wasebukhosini ondle, ngoba akathandi amagundane, ukhetha ukudla okulula kwezinyoka.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Red Book King Cobra
Ngesikhathi sonyaka womshado oyinyoka, abalingani bavame ukuxabana nabalingani. Lowo oqhamuka kubo njengonqobile, bese ethola ithuba lokuqoma. Umzuzu omfushane wokuqomisana ebudlelwaneni ukhona futhi, umnumzane, ngaphambi kokukhwelana, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi okhethiweyo wakhe uzolile futhi ngeke ambulale lapho kunolaka, futhi yilokhu inkosi yezimfezi enakho. Inqubo yokukhwelana uqobo ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora.
Imfezi yaseKing ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezizalela amaqanda. Cishe cishe inyanga, umama okhulelwe uqala ukubeka amaqanda. Ngaphambi kwale nto ebalulekile, insikazi ilungisa isidleke ngamagatsha namahlamvu abolile. Isakhiwo esinjalo sakhiwe egqumeni ukuze singagcwali amanzi uma kunezivunguvungu zemvula, singafinyelela kumamitha amahlanu ububanzi. I-clutch ye-king cobra iqukethe amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-40.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Owesilisa akashiyi umlingani wakhe ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhulelwa, futhi kanye naye, uqapha ngokucophelela isidleke sezithandani. Ozakwethu bayashintshana ukuze iwashi lisebenze ubusuku nemini. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali bezinyoka besikhathi esizayo banentukuthelo enkulu, banonya futhi bayingozi ngokumangazayo.
Inqubo yokulandelela ngokungakhathali isidleke ithatha izinyanga ezintathu ezigcwele, ngaleso sikhathi insikazi ayidli lutho, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi izinga lolaka lwayo lincane nje. Ngaphambi kokuchamisela, uyashiya esidlekeni ukuze angadli inzalo yakhe ngemuva kokudla isikhathi eside kangako. Izinyoka ezincane zidla endaweni yesidleke cishe usuku lonke, zizondla ngezikhupha ezisele emaqandeni. Izingane zizalwa sezivele zinobuthi, njengabantu abadala, kepha lokhu akubasindisi ekuhlaselweni kwabantu abahlukumezayo abahlukahlukene, okukhona kubo abaningi, ngakho-ke, kumawundlu ayishumi nambili, abanenhlanhla ababili noma abane abasindile abanenhlanhla abangena empilweni.
Izitha zemvelo zemfezi yenkosi
Isithombe: Inyoka yemfezi yaseKing
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-king cobra iphethe isikhali esinobuthi, esinamandla, nesitelekayo futhi sinesimo esinolaka, impilo yayo ezimweni zemvelo ayilula kangako futhi ayinikwanga ukungafi. Izitha eziningi zilinda futhi zizingele lo muntu wasebukhosini oyingozi.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- izinkozi zezinyoka;
- izingulube zasendle;
- ama-mongooses;
- meerkats.
Zonke izifiso ezimbi zikaHannah ezibalwe ngenhla aziphikisi ukumenzela idili. Izilwane ezisencane ezingenalwazi zisengozini enkulu, ezingakwazi ukunikeza ukwenqatshelwa okukhulu kubahlaseli. Njengoba sekushiwo, kulo lonke iqanda elibanjwe yimfezi, kusinda amawundlu ambalwa kuphela, wonke amanye aba yizisulu zabafuna okubi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi umama we-cobra uqobo angadla izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela isiteleka sezinsuku eziyikhulu sendlala.
Izingulube zikhulu kakhulu futhi zinesikhumba esijiyile, futhi akulula ukuthi inyoka ilume esikhunjeni sayo. Ama-Meerkats nama-mongooses awanakuvikeleka kubuthi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kepha ayizitha zawo ezinonya kakhulu. Umuntu kufanele akhumbule kuphela indaba edumile kaKipling mayelana nesibindi semongoose uRikki-Tikki-Tavi, owalwa ngesibindi nomndeni wezimfezi. Ama-mongooses angesabi futhi axakile nama-meerkats ancike ekuhambeni kwawo, ukushesha, ukuba namasu nokusabela okusheshayo lapho elwa nesirhubuluzi.
I-mongoose sekunesikhathi eside ibonile ukuthi uHana uyisikhohlakali esincane futhi uhamba kancane, ngakho-ke wasungula uhlelo olukhethekile lokuhlasela lokuhlasela: lesi silwane sigxuma masinyane futhi sigxume ngokushesha, bese siphinda ngokushesha uchungechunge lwemizila efanayo, sidida inyoka. Ibamba umzuzu ofanele, i-mongoose yenza igxuma layo lokugcina, eligcina ngokuluma ngemuva kwemfezi, okuholela ekufeni kwesirhubuluzi esidangele.
Izinyoka ezincane zisongelwa ezinye, ezinkulu, ezihuquzelayo, kodwa isitha esaziwa kakhulu futhi esingenakuqhathaniswa senkosi cobra yindoda ebulala izinyoka ngenhloso, izibulale futhi izibambe, futhi ngokungaqondile, ngemisebenzi yayo yesiphepho futhi, kaningi, engenangqondo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: INkosi Cobra enobuthi
Isibalo se-king cobra sehla ngokuncipha. Lokhu kungenxa yezenzo zabantu, ezinobugovu kakhulu futhi ezingalawuleki. Abantu babamba izimfene ukuqoqa ubuthi babo, obabaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezemithi nowezimonyo. Ikhambi lenziwa ngoshevu onganciphisa umphumela onobuthi wokulunywa yinyoka. Ubuthi busetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kokunciphisa izinhlungu. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi (i-asthma, isithuthwane, i-bronchitis, i-arthritis). Okhilimu benziwe ngobuthi be-cobra obuphikisana nokuguga kwesikhumba ngokunciphisa ukubukeka kwemibimbi. Ngokuvamile, inani likashukela likhulu, futhi i-king cobra ivame ukubhekana nalokhu, ilahlekelwe impilo yayo.
Isizathu sokuqothulwa kwemfezi ukuthi emazweni amaningi ase-Asia inyama yayo iyadliwa, ikubheka njengesibiliboco esiyigugu futhi esihlwabusayo. Kunenqwaba yezitsha ezilungisiwe ezivela enyameni yesirhubuluzi sasebukhosini, sizidla zithosiwe, zibilisiwe, zifakwe usawoti, zibhakwe futhi zenziwa nolwandle. AmaShayina awadli kuphela isikhumba senyoka, kodwa futhi aphuza negazi likaHana. ELaos, ukudla imfezi kubhekwa njengesiko lonke.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Abantu baseLao bakholelwa ukuthi ngokudla imfezi, bathola amandla ayo, isibindi, umoya onempilo nokuhlakanipha.
AmaCobras avame ukulahlekelwa yizimpilo zawo ngenxa yesikhumba sawo, esaziwa kakhulu embonini yezemfashini. Isikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo asinabo ubuhle kuphela, ukuthungwa kwasekuqaleni nokuhlobisa, kodwa futhi sinamandla nokuqina. Zonke izinhlobo zezikhwama, izikhwama zemali, amabhande, izicathulo kuthungwe esikhunjeni senyoka sikaHana, zonke lezi zesekeli zemfashini ziyinhle.
Umuntu uthonya inani lezimfene zenkosi ngezenzo zakhe, okuvame ukuholela ekutheni izimfene ziphoqeleka ukuba ziphume ezindaweni zazo zokuthunyelwa unomphela. Abantu bathuthukisa umhlaba ngenkuthalo, babalima ukuze babe umhlaba wezolimo, bandise insimu yamadolobha, bagawula amahlathi aminyene, bakhe imigwaqo emikhulu emisha. Konke lokhu kunomthelela omubi empilweni yabamele abaningi bezilwane, kubandakanya ne-king cobra.
Akumangazi ukuthi ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zenzo zabantu ezingenhla, ama-king cobra aya ngokuya ngokuncipha, asengozini yokubhujiswa futhi isimo sawo sikhonjiswa njengabasesichengeni ohlwini lokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
Ukuqapha izimfezi zenkosi
Isithombe: Red Book King Cobra
Kuyababa ukubona ukuthi ama-king cobra asongelwa ngokuqothulwa, inani labantu lihlala lincipha, ngenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ukuzingela ngokungemthetho okuchumayo emazweni amaningi lapho kuhlala khona inyoka yenkosi ebabazekayo. Hhayi nje ukuthunjwa okungekho emthethweni kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kodwa nezenzo ezisebenzayo zabantu abahlala ezindaweni zezinyoka, okuholela ekufeni kwenani elikhulu lezinyoka. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yeshumi yentsha esinda kulo lonke iklatshi.
I-king cobra ibalwe nohlobo lwezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwamanye amazwe, iziphathimandla ziye zavikela lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Emuva eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili yekhulu elidlule, umthetho washaywa endaweni yaseNdiya, esasebenza namanje, ngokusho kwayo, kwavinjelwa ngokuqinile ukubulawa nokubanjwa ngokungemthetho kwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Isijeziso sokwephula lesi yisigwebo seminyaka emithathu ejele. AmaHindu abheka imfezi yasebukhosini njengengcwele futhi alengise isithombe sayo emakhaya abo, bekholelwa ukuthi izoletha ukuchuma nokuchuma ekhaya.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: ENdiya, kunomkhosi wokuhlonipha imfezi yasebukhosini. Ngalolu suku, abantu bomdabu baphatha izinyoka esihlahleni ukuze bazingenise emathempelini nasemigwaqweni yasedolobheni. AmaHindu akholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulunywa yinyoka ngosuku olunjalo. Ngemuva komkhosi, zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo zibuyiselwa ehlathini.
Ekugcineni, kusala ukwengeza lokho Inkosi uCobra, impela, ubukeka njengomuntu wegazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ofana nendlovukazi yaseGibhithe enekhanda layo elihle nendatshana. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kwakhe nobukhulu bakhe buhlonishwa yizizwe eziningi. Into esemqoka ukuthi abantu bahlala behlakaniphile futhi behloniphekile, ukuze lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele singanyamalali emhlabeni wethu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.06.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 22.09.2019 ngo-22: 28
