Indawo yokulala engadini kubhekwa njengesilwane esiyingqayizivele. Ungummeleli wamagundane. Isilwane siphila impilo efihliwe, yasebusuku. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaningi abakaze bezwe nangesilo esinjalo. I-dormouse yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthi, njengoba inqwabelene ngamafutha, iyalala ebusika futhi ihlale kuwo kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Phambilini, lezi zilwanyana ezincane ezinhle, ngaphandle zifana negundane eliguqula ijazi loboya, zazivame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla zibhalwe kuRed Book yamazwe omhlaba. Izilwane zabhujiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi zingabathwali bezifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi zidala umonakalo omkhulu emhlabeni wezolimo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ingadi dormouse
I-dormouse ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezinhlobo zamagundane. U-Aristotle wakhuluma ngakho emibhalweni yakhe. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini sasendulo, igama laso lisho ukuthi "isilwane esihle, esihle, esihle".
Abaphenyi bathi okhokho basendulo balezi zilwane ezincane ezinhle bazalwa eminyakeni engaphezudlwana kwezi-6,000,000 eyedlule ngesikhathi se-Eocene. Uhlobo loGliravus lwaba ngumsunguli walezi zigundane. Abamele lokhu babekhona emhlabeni cishe iminyaka engama-20 000,000. Ngemuva kwalokho, wakhuphula uhlobo lwe-dormouse yasehlathini. Laba abamele bakudala kakhulu bomndeni wokulala.
Ividiyo: Ingadi dormouse
Ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala, okhokho basendulo be-dormouse yensimu babehlala endaweni esempumalanga ye-Eurasia ne-Afrika. Ososayensi bezilwane baqaphela ukuthi ukuqhakaza nokusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwe-genus dormice kuwela esikhathini seMiocene. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uhlobo lwezinwele zokulala lwahlukaniswa lwaba ngama-subspecies angaphezu kweshumi nambili. Okwamanje kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela zezilwane esezikhona. Izilwane zingaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kwamagundane. Bangabamele umndeni we-dormouse, uhlobo lwe-dormouse yensimu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-dormouse yengadi yezilwane
Ngokubukeka, anokufana okumangalisayo namagundane ampunga. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha ayi-14.5-15.5. Isisindo somzimba 55-150 amagremu. Izilwane zinomsila omude, omncane kakhulu. Ubude baso bucishe bulingane nobude bomzimba futhi bungamasentimitha ayi-11-13. Emsileni kunezinwele ezimfushane, ezabiwe ngokulinganayo ebusweni bayo bonke. Ekugcineni, uboya buqoqwa ngebhulashi elincane, elinoboya. Umsila uvame ukuba nemibala emithathu yengubo. Ngezansi impela, kumhlophe, kupinki okukhanyayo. Ezinhlangothini zombili iba mpunga futhi ibe nsundu ezansi.
Izitho zinobude obungalingani. Imilenze yangemuva mide kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili. Imilenze yangaphambili neyangemuva inezinzwane ezine. Iminwe yesithathu neyesine zihlukaniswe ngaphambili kwemilenze - mide. Emilenzeni yangemuva, uzwane lwesine lude kunezinye. Izinyawo zincane, zihlangene. Isifonyo siyindilinga, sikhombe kancane. Indawo yokulala engadini inezindlebe ezinkulu eziyindilinga namehlo amakhulu amnyama. Impumulo yakhelwe ngocelemba oluncane, olude.
Ibhantshi lifushane, liwugqinsi futhi lithambile. Umbala ungahluka ngokuya ngezici zesimo sezulu endaweni. Zihlukaniswa ikakhulu ngoboya obumpunga noma obansundu. Indawo yesisu, intamo, isifuba nezitho zembozwe izinwele zomthunzi okhanyayo, ocishe ube mhlophe. Isici esihlukile se-dormouse yensimu umugqa omnyama oqala ukusuka endaweni yamehlo uye ngemuva kwendlebe. Abantu abasha be-dormouse yensimu banemibala ekhanyayo, ehlukile. Ngokukhula, imibala yejazi iba buthuntu.
Ihlala kuphi i-dormouse yensimu?
Isithombe: I-Red dormouse Book Red
Indlu yokulala engadini ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisicaba, noma ezinamagquma angathi shu. Ungahlala ezingadini ezilahliwe.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-dormouse yensimu:
- izifunda ezisenyakatho ye-Afrika;
- insimu esempumalanga yeYurophu;
- I-Altai;
- cishe zonke izifunda zaseBelarus;
- ngokwengxenye insimu yaseRussia - iLeningrad, Novgorod, izifunda zePskov, insimu ye-Urals engezansi, nesifunda se-Lower Kama;
- ezinye izifunda zase-Asia Minor;
- China;
- EJapan.
Indawo yokulala engadini ithanda insimu yamahlathi, lapho kutholakala khona izihlahla ezinqabileyo. Kutholakala kancane emahlathini ane-conifers. Imvamisa bakhetha insimu yezingadi ezishiyiwe noma amasimu ezolimo njengezindawo zokuhlala. Bathanda izindawo lapho kunezihlahla ezinde, eziminyene. Izindawo zezithelo nezindawo zokupaka zedolobha zivame ukukhethwa njengezindawo zokuhlala.
Abasabi abantu, ngakho-ke bahlala kaningi eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Kukhona ngisho namacala aziwayo okufuywa kwendawo yokulala engadini. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi yintsha kuphela engathanjiswa ngabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la magundane amancane awathandi ngempela lapho othile ewathinta.
Idlani i-dormouse yensimu?
Isithombe: I-Rodent garden dormouse
Indlu yokulala engadini ibhekwa njengesilwane esidla ubhedu. Udla ukudla kokutshala kanye nokudla kwezilwane. Izazi zezilwane zithi lolu hlobo lokudla luyingxenye eyinhloko yokudla.
Yini efakiwe ekudleni kwesilwane:
- amaqanda ezinyoni;
- amaphuphu awile esidlekeni;
- izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene;
- izinkumbi;
- amacimbi;
- izithelo;
- amajikijolo;
- izimvemvane ebusuku;
- amabhungane, izicabucabu, izinyokanyoka, izibungu;
- iminenke;
- amaqabunga;
- izithelo;
- imbewu;
- izimpande;
- amahlumela amancane ezinhlobonhlobo zezimila.
Ngenxa yokulala ubusika bonke, abantu abaningi badla kanzima ehlobo lonke, kanti abanye futhi bathambekele ekwenzeni izinto ezithile. Izitokisi ze-Garden dormouse, njenge-hazel dormouse, zibhujiswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isakhiwo semilenze yegumbi lokulala lasensimini sinikela ekudleni okusebenzayo phansi. Babhekwa futhi njengabazingeli abanamakhono. Bangabamba inyoni encane, noma uvemvane. Bayakwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni befuna izidleke zezinyoni.
Uphuza amaqanda ezinyoni ngokwenza izimbobo emaqandeni ngamazinyo akhe. Ngendlela efanayo, badla iminenke, beluma ngamagobolondo. Ngesikhathi sokulamba nokushoda kokudla, amacala okuzingela ngisho nezimpuku zasensimini ezimpunga ayaziwa. Isici esivelayo ukuthi noma kunenani elikhulu lokudla kwezitshalo, imbewu nezithelo, zidinga ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kokudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Uma amagundane engakudli ukudla kwenyama izinsuku ezingama-5-7, aqala ukulala.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ingadi dormouse
I-Garden dormouse iningi lasebusuku. Izilwane nazo ziyazingela futhi zithole ukudla ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi somshado, esiwela entwasahlobo-ehlobo, bangasebenza emini. Amagundane athathwa njengezilwane ezizodwa. Amabili wesikhathi esifushane akhiwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kodwa-ke, zihlala isikhashana.
Njengendawo yokuhlala, njenge-dormouse yehlathi, bangakhetha izimbobo ezingenalutho zamagundane, imigodi yezingwejeje, izidleke zezinyoni, izinhlamvu zezihlahla ezibolile. Imvamisa bahlala ngaphansi kophahla noma emifantwini yezakhiwo zokuhlala. Indawo yokuhlala inesimo esiyindilinga. Ukuze ihlelwe, i-dormouse yensimu isebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene zemvelo. Amahlamvu, utshani, ubulembu, uboya bezilwane noma izimpaphe zezinyoni zikulungele lokhu.
Isikhathi sonke ehlobo, izilwane zondla kakhulu, zakha izicubu ezinamafutha, futhi zihlomisa nemizi yazo. Ukusinda kwesilwane ngesikhathi sobusika kuxhomeke ekutheni indawo yokuhlala izokwethenjelwa futhi ibe yodwa kangakanani. Ngokwezibalo, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu bafa emakhazeni amakhulu, uma indawo yokukhosela ingavinjelwe ngokwanele. Ukukhula okuncane okusuka kudoti owodwa kufihla ubusika ndawonye. Ngakho-ke kulula kubo ukuthi baphile endaweni efanayo, bafudumale. I-Garden dormouse ilele, igobile, imilenze ifakwe ngaphakathi, futhi icashe ngemuva komsila wayo.
Maphakathi nekwindla, zilala busuku, okuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngesikhathi sokulala ubuthongo ezilwaneni, zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, isilinganiso sokuphefumula, ne-pulse yehlisa ijubane. Ngesikhathi sokulala ubusika, i-dormouse yensimu yehla ize ifinyelele kwesigamu sesisindo sayo somzimba.
Babhekwa njengabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Banokuphendula okusheshayo nejubane. Izinhloko zokulala ziyakwazi ukwenza umsindo ofana nokuhayiza kwezinambuzane. Umndeni ophume wayozungeza ubukeka njengolayini omncane. Zihamba ngokushesha zilandelana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-baby garden dormouse
Ngemuva kokulala isikhathi eside, isikhathi somshado siqala. Ukuvuka, izilwane zivame ukumaka indawo yazo futhi zichaze uhla lwazo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala maphakathi no-Ephreli futhi sithatha kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Abesifazane bavame ukuheha abesilisa ngemisindo ekhethekile enomsindo, okusikhumbuza impempe ekhalayo.
Abesilisa, ekuphenduleni umsindo okhipha inhliziyo onjalo omkhulu, bakhipha into efana nokubhonga okungathi shu. Uma abesilisa abaningana bethi bangabesifazane oyedwa ngasikhathi sinye, baxoshelana kude, kokunye bangaluma. Isikhathi esithile, i-dormouse yensimu ingakha umndeni. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abesifazane baxosha abesilisa noma bashiye indawo yokuhlala ngokwabo.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe amasonto amathathu. Lapho umsebenzi usondela, insikazi iqala ukufuna indawo yokuzalwa. Ngalezi zizathu, wakha i-mink, imvamisa kaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Owesifazane oyedwa ukhiqiza amawundlu amathathu kuye kwayisithupha ngesikhathi. Inzalo ezelwe ayinalusizo nakancane. Amathole ayizimpumputhe, ayizithulu futhi awanaboya.
Konke ukunakekela inzalo kulele emahlombe omama. Uyabanakekela, abondle ngobisi. Uma ezwa ingozi ezinganeni zakhe, ngokushesha uzidlulisela endaweni yokucasha ephephile ngemuva kwesikhumba.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, amawundlu avula amehlo awo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ziyakhula masinyane futhi zithole isisindo somzimba. Ngemuva kwenyanga kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, izilwane ezincane ziqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukudla futhi zizingele. Izingane ezikhulile zihambahamba futhi zigijime ngefayela elilodwa zilandela unina. Ithole lokuqala linamathela eboyeni bukamama ngamazinyo alo. Izidladla ezilandelayo noma amazinyo abambelela komunye nomunye.
Phakathi nonyaka owodwa, owesifazane ovuthiwe ngokobulili ukhiqiza amawundlu kabili. Lapho befika ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala, baphila impilo engayodwa. Isikhathi sokuphila somuntu ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo siyiminyaka engu-4,5-6.
Izitha zemvelo zegumbi lokulala
Isithombe: I-dormouse yensimu yezilwane
Izitha zemvelo ze-dormouse yensimu yilezi:
- ama-martens;
- izimpungushe;
- izikhova, oklebe, ama-kites;
- izinja ezifuywayo namakati;
- marten futhi ermine.
Abancintisana ngokuya ngokudla ngamagundane ampunga, aqeda indawo yokulala engadini ngamanani amakhulu. Isitha esiyingozi kakhulu samagundane ngabantu nemisebenzi yabo. Umuntu uziqeda ngobuningi bazo, ngokuqaphela nangokungahlosile. Abantu babulala izilwane ngenxa yomonakalo abawenzayo emasimini nasezivandeni. Amagundane adla imbewu, izithelo nezithelo zezihlahla. I-Garden dormouse izingelwa yizinja namakati, okuyizinto ezinentshisekelo kuzo.
Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokubhujiswa kwesilwane ukuze kutholakale izikhumba. Zisetshenziswa ngabantu njengoboya obuncane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali, umanyolo wemvelaphi engeyona eyemvelo nakho kunomthelela ekwehlisweni kwabantu bezinhlobo ze-dormouse engadini. Abamele umndeni olele banenani elikhulu lezitha endaweni yabo yemvelo. Okuyingozi kakhulu ngabantu, izikhova nezikhova zokhozi, kanye namagundane ampunga. Ngaphandle kwejubane nokushesha okumangalisayo, indlu yokulala engadini ayikwazi ukuphunyuka ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuhlaselweni yizilwane nezinyoni ezidla ezinye. Ukuhlala eduze nezindawo ezihlala abantu kuzenza izisulu zezilwane ezifuywayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Igundane le-dormouse igundane
Muva nje, inani le-dormouse engadini lehle kakhulu. Kwezinye izifunda, lolu hlobo lunyamalale ngokuphelele. Izilwane zibalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba futhi zabekwa ezingeni "lezilwane ezisengozini enkulu". Ukwehla kwesibalo kudalwa ukuhlaselwa kwamagundane ampunga, kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama, amahlathi kanye nezilwane ezidla inyama ezifuywayo. Imisebenzi yabantu ithathwa njengembangela enkulu yokuqothulwa. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukususwa kwezihlahla eziqukethe izihlahla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi bokuqala, indawo abahlala kuyo incishiswe ngesigamu. Umuntu ubabhubhisa ngobuningi babo ngenxa yokuthi baba usongo olukhulu, njengabathwali bezifo ezithathelwanayo. Esinye isizathu sokucekelwa phansi kwabantu ngumonakalo abawenzayo emhlabeni wezolimo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu labantu libulawa yiqhwa elibi ngesikhathi sokulala. Izikhova, ezihola impilo efanayo yasebusuku, ziyingozi ikakhulukazi kumagundane amancane aluhlaza. Zihamba zizingela ebumnyameni, lapho i-dormouse yensimu isebenza kakhulu. Namuhla, iningi labantu lisendaweni esentshonalanga yeYurophu. Ikakhulukazi iJalimane, iCzech Republic, iFrance. Izinduku zivamile naseBelarus.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-dormouse engadini
Isithombe: Ingadi dormouse evela eRed Book
Ukuvikelwa kwalezi zinhlobo kusho ukuvikelwa kwendawo yokuhlala dormouse engadini emisebenzini yabantu. Lesi silwane sibalwe kwiRed Book yamazwe omhlaba. Mayelana nalokhu, kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukubhubhisa isilwane nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho zinyathelo ezikhethekile zokonga nokwanda kwabantu ezenziwayo noma ezenziwayo.
Indawo yokulala engadini ngaphandle ifana kakhulu negundane elimpunga, eliguqule umbala wejazi lalo. Ibuye ivame ukuqhathaniswa nesikwele ngenxa yobugagu bayo nekhono lokugxuma ngokushesha emagatsheni futhi ikhuphuke ezihlahleni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 21.04.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 19.09.2019 ngo-22: 19
