I-Emperor penguin - lena inyoni endala futhi enkulu kunazo zonke kubo bonke abamele lo mndeni okhona emhlabeni. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini sasendulo, igama labo lisho ukuthi "i-wing diver". Ama-penguin ahlukaniswa ngokuziphatha okuthakazelisayo nokuhlakanipha okungavamile. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Ngeshwa, izinombolo zalezi zinyoni ezinkulu ziya ngokuya zehla. Namuhla, isibalo sabantu ngabanye asidluli ku-300 000. Izinhlobo ziphansi kokuvikelwa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Emperor Penguin
I-emperor penguin ingummeleli wesigaba sezinyoni, ukuhleleka kwephengwini, umndeni wepenguin. Zihlukaniswa ngohlobo oluhlukile nezinhlobo ze-emperor penguin.
Lezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo zatholwa okokuqala ngo-1820 ngesikhathi sohambo locwaningo lukaBellingshausen. Kodwa-ke, ukubalulwa kokuqala kwama-emperor penguin kwavela emibhalweni yabahloli bamazwe uVasco da Gama ngo-1498, abasuka ogwini lwase-Afrika kanye noMagellan, abahlangana nezinyoni ngo-1521 ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi basendulo bafanisa amahansi. Le nyoni yaqala ukubizwa ngephengwini kuphela ngekhulu le-16.
Ukuqhubeka nokufundwa kokuvela kwalaba bameleli besigaba sezinyoni kukhombisa ukuthi okhokho babo babekhona eNew Zealand, kwezinye izifunda zaseNingizimu Melika, naseNhlonhlweni Yase-Antarctic. Futhi, abacwaningi bezazi zezilwane bathole izinsalela zokhokho basendulo bama-emperor penguin kwezinye izindawo zase-Australia nase-Afrika.
Ividiyo: Emperor Penguin
Izinsalela ezindala zamaphengwini zibuyela emuva ekugcineni kwe-Eocene, futhi zikhomba ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi zazikhona emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-45 edlule. Okhokho basendulo bama-penguin, ngokubheka izinsalela ezitholakele, babebakhulu kakhulu kunabantu besimanje. Kukholakala ukuthi ukhokho omkhulu kunabo bonke bama-penguin wesimanje kwakungu-penguin waseNordenskjold. Ukuphakama kwakhe kwakufana nokuphakama komuntu wanamuhla, futhi isisindo sakhe sifinyelela cishe kuma-120 kilogram.
Ososayensi baphinde basungula ukuthi okhokho basendulo bama-penguin babengezona izinyoni zamanzi. Babenamaphiko futhi bekwazi ukundiza. Ama-penguin anezinombolo eziningi kakhulu zezici ezifanayo ezinama-tube amakhala. Ngokuya ngalokhu, zombili izinhlobo zezinyoni zinokhokho abafanayo. Ososayensi abaningi babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwezinyoni, kuhlanganise noRobert Scott ngo-1913. Njengengxenye yalolu hambo, wasuka eCape Evans waya eCape Crozier, lapho akwazi khona ukuthola amaqanda alezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo. Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe ukukhula kombungu kwamaphengwini.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Emperor Penguin Antarctica
Ukukhula kwe-emperor penguin yabantu abadala kungu-100-115 cm, ikakhulukazi abesilisa abakhulu bafinyelela ubude obungu-130-135 cm.Isisindo sepenguin eyodwa singama-30-45 kilograms. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayiphinyiselwa. Abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa. Njengomthetho, ukukhula kwabesifazane akweqi ngamasentimitha ayi-115. Yilezi zinhlobo ezihlukaniswa yimisipha ethuthukile kanye nesifunda somzimba esivelisiwe se-thoracic.
I-emperor penguin inombala ogqamile nothakazelisayo. Ingaphandle lomzimba kusuka ngemuva lipendwe ngokumnyama. Ingaphakathi lomzimba limhlophe. Indawo yentamo nezindlebe inombala ophuzi ngokugqamile. Lo mbala uvumela laba bameleli bezitshalo nezilwane ukuba bahlale bengabonwa ekujuleni kolwandle. Umzimba ubushelelezi, ngisho, uhleleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni zingangena ngokujulile futhi ngokushesha zenze ijubane elifunayo emanzini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukushintsha umbala kuye ngesizini. Umbala omnyama uzoshintsha ube nsundu ngokuqala kukaNovemba, futhi uhlala unjalo kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Amachwane achanyuswayo ambozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga ezilula. Amaphengwini anekhanda elincane eliyindilinga. Imvamisa ipendwe ngombala omnyama. Ikhanda linomlomo onamandla, omude namehlo amnyama amancane. Intamo incane kakhulu futhi ihlangana nomzimba. Izimbambo ezinamandla, ezibiziwe zigeleza kahle ziye esiswini.
Ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba kunamaphiko aguquliwe asebenza njengamaphiko. Izitho ezingezansi zineminwe emithathu, zinolwelwesi nozipho abanamandla. Kukhona umsila omncane. Isici esivelele yisakhiwo sezicubu zethambo. Azinawo amathambo angenalutho njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni. Esinye isici esivelele ukuthi indlela yokulawula ukushintshana kokushisa emithanjeni yegazi yemikhawulo engezansi, evimbela ukulahleka kokushisa. Amaphengwini anezimpaphe ezinokwethenjelwa, eziminyene kakhulu, ezibavumela ukuba bazizwe bekhululekile ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esibi se-Antarctica.
Uhlalaphi i-emperor penguin?
Isithombe: Bird Emperor Penguin
Indawo yokuhlala yamaphengwini yi-Antarctica. Kule ndawo, bakha amakoloni osayizi abahlukahlukene - kusuka emashumini ambalwa kuye kubantu abangamakhulu ambalwa. Kakhulukazi amaqembu amakhulu ama-emperor penguin abale izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zabantu. Ukuze zihlale emabhuloki e-Antarctica, izinyoni ziya emaphethelweni ezwekazi. Ukuzalela nokuchamusela amaqanda, izinyoni zihlala zibuyele ezifundeni ezimaphakathi ze-Antarctica zisasebenza ngokuphelele.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe izazi zezilwane lwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi namuhla kunamakoloni ezinyoni angaba ngu-37. Njengezindawo zokuhlala, bathambekele ekukhetheni izindawo ezingasebenza njengezindawo zokukhosela futhi zivikele laba bameleli bezimila nezilwane ezitheni zemvelo nasemimoyeni enamandla, enameva. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukutholakala ngemuva kwamabhulokhi eqhwa, amawa, ukuqhuma kweqhwa. Okudingekayo lapho kutholakala khona amakoloni amaningi ezinyoni ukufinyelela mahhala echibini.
Izinyoni ezimangalisayo ezingakwazi ukundiza zigxile kakhulu phakathi kolayini abangama-66 kanye nabama-77. Ikholoni elikhulu kunawo wonke lihlala endaweni yaseCape Washington. Inombolo yayo idlula abantu abangu-20 000.
Iziqhingi nezifunda lapho kuhlala khona ama-emperor penguin:
- UTaylor Glacier;
- Isizinda seNdlovukazi Yemfashini;
- Isiqhingi saseHeard;
- Isiqhingi saseColeman;
- IVictoria Island;
- Iziqhingi zaseSouth Sandwich;
- I-Tierra del Fuego.
Idlani i-emperor penguin?
Isithombe: Emperor Penguin Red Book
Njengoba kunikezwe isimo sezulu esibi nesithwathwa saphakade, bonke abantu base-Antarctica bathola ukudla kwabo ekujuleni kolwandle. Amaphengwini achitha cishe izinyanga ezimbili olwandle ngonyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni alunakulingana phakathi kwabatshuzi. Bayakwazi ukucwila ekujuleni kwamamitha angamakhulu amahlanu futhi babambe umoya ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe imizuzu engamashumi amabili.
Ukujula kokuntywila ngqo kuncike ezingeni lokukhanyiswa kokujula kwamanzi ngemisebe yelanga. Lapho amanzi ekhanyiswa ngokwengeziwe, lezi zinyoni zikwazi ukujula ngokujulile. Lapho zisemanzini, zithembele ekubukeni kwazo kuphela. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinyoni zikhula ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-6-7 km / h. Izinhlanzi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezinye izimpilo zasolwandle: ama-molluscs, ama-squid, ama-oysters, ama-plankton, ama-crustaceans, ama-krill, njll. Asetshenziswa njengomthombo wokudla.
Amaphengwini akhetha ukuzingela ngamaqembu. Ama-penguin amaningana ahlasela isikole sezinhlanzi noma ezinye izimpilo zasolwandle futhi abamba wonke umuntu ongenaso isikhathi sokuphunyuka. Amaphengwini amunca isisulu sosayizi omncane ngqo emanzini. Izilwane ezinkulu zihudulelwa emhlabathini, futhi, lapho ziwuhlukanisa, ziyadla.
Ekufuneni ukudla, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade, kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angama-6-7. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesabi isithwathwa esibi esivela ku -45 kuye ku-70 degrees kanye nomoya wesiphepho ohlabayo. Ama-penguin achitha inani elikhulu lamandla nokubamba izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele zitshube kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-300-500 ngosuku. Izinyoni zinesakhiwo esithile somlomo womlomo. Zinezinsipho eziqondiswe emuva, ngokulandelana, ngosizo lwazo kulula ukubamba inyamazane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Emperor Penguins e-Antarctica
Amaphengwini akuzona izilwane ezihlala zodwa, ahlala ezimeni zeqembu futhi enza ama-pair aqinile asinda impilo yonke yezinyoni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-penguin ukuphela kwezinyoni ezikhona ezingazi ukuthi zingazakha kanjani izidleke.
Babeka amaqanda futhi bazale, bacashe ngemuva kwezindawo zokukhosela zemvelo - amadwala, amawa, iqhwa, njll. Bachitha cishe izinyanga ezimbili ngonyaka olwandle befuna ukudla, isikhathi esisele sinikelwe ekufukameleni amaqanda nasekuchamuseleni. Izinyoni zinomzwelo womzali othuthuke kakhulu. Babhekwa njengabazali abahle kakhulu, abakhathazeke kakhulu futhi abanakekelayo.
Izinyoni zingahamba emhlabeni ngezitho zazo zangemuva, noma zilele ngesisu, ziqhweba izingalo zangaphambili nezingemuva. Bahamba kancane, kancane futhi ngokungahambi kahle, ngoba izitho ezingezansi ezingezansi azigobi edolweni. Bazizwa beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe futhi beshesha emanzini. Ziyakwazi ukudilika ngokujulile futhi zifinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-6-10 km / h. Ama-Emperor penguin avela emanzini, enza ukweqa okumangazayo kuze kube ngamamitha amaningana ubude.
Lezi zinyoni zibhekwa njengexwaya kakhulu futhi zesaba. Bebona ukuthi ingozi isondela kancane, bayasakazeka, bashiye amaqanda nenzalo yabo. Kodwa-ke, amakoloni amaningi amukela kakhulu futhi anobungani kubantu. Imvamisa abagcini ngokusaba abantu, kepha futhi bababheka ngentshisekelo, noma babavumele bazithinte. Emakoloni wezinyoni, ukubusa okuphelele kwamatriarchy kuyabusa. Abesifazane bangabaholi, bazikhethela abesilisa babo futhi bafune ukunakwa. Ngemuva kokubhanqa, abesilisa bachamisela amaqanda, bese abesifazane baya kozingela.
Ama-Emperor penguin akhuthazelela kakhulu amakhaza nomoya onamandla ngokuqinile. Unesicubu esinamafutha esithuthuke kahle, kanye nezimpaphe eziwugqinsi futhi eziwugqinsi. Ukuze zifudumale, izinyoni zakha isiyingi esikhulu. Ngaphakathi kwalo mbuthano, izinga lokushisa lifinyelela +30 ngokushisa okuzungezile okungu -25-30 degrees. Maphakathi nombuthano kuvame kakhulu amawundlu. Abantu abadala bashintsha izindawo, basuke enkabeni basondele emaphethelweni, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Emperor Penguin Chick
Amaphengwini athambekele ekwakheni amabhangqa aqinile, aqinile. Lo mbhangqwana wakhiwa ngokuqala kowesifazane. Uyazikhethela umngane wakhe, engashiyi thuba labanye, abesilisa abangaphumelelanga kangako. Bese kuthi owesifazane aqale ukubheka owesilisa kahle kakhulu. Okokuqala, wehlisa ikhanda, welula izimpiko zakhe bese eqala ukucula izingoma. Eyesilisa icula kanye nayo. Ngenkathi kwenziwa izingoma zomshado, bayahloniphana ngezwi labo, kepha abazami ukucula kakhulu kunabanye, ukuze bangaphazamisi ukucula kwabanye abantu. Ukuqomisana okunjalo kuthatha cishe inyanga. Lezi zithandani zihamba zilandelana, noma zenza imidanso eyehlukile ngemilomo yazo iphakanyisiwe. Ukungena ebuhlotsheni bomshado kwandulelwa uchungechunge lwemicibisholo efanayo.
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa. Isisindo sayo singu-430-460 amagremu. Akadli lutho inyanga yonke ngaphambi kokubeka iqanda. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuba umsebenzi usuphothuliwe, ngokushesha uya olwandle eyofuna ukudla. Ukhona cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Sonke lesi sikhathi, ubaba wesikhathi esizayo ubheka iqanda. Ubeka iqanda esibayeni sesikhumba phakathi kwemikhawulo engezansi, okusebenza njengesikhwama. Akukho moya neqhwa elizophoqa owesilisa ukuba ashiye iqanda. Abesilisa abangenayo imindeni baba usongo kobaba besikhathi esizayo. Bangathatha iqanda ngokufutheka, noma baliphule. Ngenxa yokuthi obaba bahlonipha kakhulu futhi banesibopho ngenzalo yabo, ngaphezu kwama-90% amaqanda anjalo
Abesilisa banciphisa kakhulu isisindo ngalesi sikhathi. Okwamanje, isisindo sabo asidluli ama-25 kilogram. Insikazi iyabuya lapho owesilisa ezwa umuzwa wendlala ongabekezeleleki bese uyambiza. Ubuyela nenqwaba yezinhlanzi zasolwandle zengane. Okulandelayo, ithuba likababa lokuphumula. Ukuphumula kwakhe kuhlala cishe amasonto ama-3-4.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala, iphuphu limbozwe phansi futhi alikwazi ukuhlala esimweni sezulu esibi se-Antarctica. Ukhona kuphela ephaketheni elifudumele, elithokomele labazali bakhe. Ukushisa lapho kugcinwa njalo kungabi ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-35. Uma, ngengozi ebulalayo, izinyane liphuma ephaketheni, lizofa khona manjalo. Kuphela ngokufika kwehlobo lapho baqala ukuhamba ngokuzimela futhi bafunde ukubhukuda, bathole ukudla kwabo.
Izitha zemvelo zama-emperor penguin
Isithombe: Great Emperor Penguin
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinyoni azinazo izitha eziningi kakhulu ezilwaneni. Basengozini yokuba yizisulu zezingwe zezingwe noma imikhomo ebulalayo uma bephuma olwandle beyofuna ukudla.
Ezinye izilwane ezidla izinyoni - ama-skuas noma ama-petrels amakhulu - abeka usongo olukhulu ematshweleni angenakuzivikela. Kubantu abadala, abayona ingozi, kepha ngamachwane ayingozi enkulu. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamachwane ifa ngokunembile ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezinyoni ezidla inyama. Imvamisa, amawundlu angashadile aba yisisulu sezilwane ezinamaphiko. Ukuvikela inzalo yabo ekuhlaselweni, izinyoni zakha okuthiwa "ama-nursery", noma amaqoqo ezingane. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba abo okusinda.
Abantu babe yingozi enkulu ezinhlotsheni. Emuva ngekhulu le-18, amatilosi aqala ukuqothula izinyoni ezazinezidleke zazo ogwini lolwandle. Ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Emperor Penguin Wesifazane
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu nokufudumala kuyingozi enkulu emphakathini we-emperor penguin. Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa kuholela ekuncibilikeni kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, okungukuthi, ekubhujisweni kwendawo yemvelo yezinyoni. Izinqubo ezinjalo ziholela ekwehleni kwezinga lokuzalwa kwezinyoni. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi, ama-molluscs, nama-crustaceans ziyaphela, okungukuthi, ukutholakala kokudla kwephengwini kuyancipha.
Indima enkulu ekuqothulweni kwama-emperor penguin idlalwa ngabantu nemisebenzi yabo. Abantu abaqothula ama-penguin kuphela, kodwa futhi babamba izinhlanzi nezinye izakhamuzi zolwandle olujulile ngamanani amakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle landa njalo.
Muva nje, ezokuvakasha ezeqile seziyinsakavukela. Abathandi bemizwa emisha baya ezingxenyeni ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu nezingahlangani zomhlaba. I-Antarctica nayo iyahlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindawo zokuhlala ze-emperor penguin ziya ngokugcwala.
U-Emperor Penguin Guard
Isithombe: Emperor penguin ovela eRed Book
Kuze kube manje, ama-emperor penguin afakwe ohlwini lweRed Book. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, babesengozini. Kuze kube manje, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulondoloza nokwandisa inani lezinyoni. Akuvunyelwe ukubabulala. Futhi, ukugcina lezi zinhlobo, akuvunyelwe ukubamba izinhlanzi kanye ne-krill ngezinjongo zezimboni ezifundeni lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni. IKhomishani Yomhlaba Wonke Yokongiwa Kwezinto Zasolwandle Zokonga i-Emperor Penguins iphakamise ukumemezela ugu olusempumalanga ye-Antarctica indawo yokulondoloza.
I-Emperor penguin - Le yinyoni emangalisayo, ubude bayo budlula imitha elilodwa. Iphila ezimeni ezinzima futhi ezinzima kakhulu. Isendlalelo esinyene samafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, izici zesakhiwo sohlelo lwe-thermoregulation, kanye nezimpaphe eziminyene kakhulu ziyamsiza kulokhu. Ama-Emperor penguin athathwa njengabaqaphile kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni ezinokuthula kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 20.02.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 18.09.2019 ngo-20: 23
