Ama-Amphibians awathandwa ngabantu. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, amahemuhemu asabalele ngemiphumela eyingozi futhi ebhubhisayo yamasele ebantwini. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthinta kanye nje kulesi silwane kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwensumpa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufe. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyinganekwane nje. Futhi iqiniso limnandi impela - isele lobumba ingenye yezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni ezinempilo kakhulu emhlabeni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Earth Toad
Isigaxa sasemhlabathini, ngenxa yezici zaso zangaphandle, sivame ukuqhathaniswa neselesele. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile zezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini. Isigaxa esomndeni wamazwane, iqembu elingenamsila. Namuhla lo mndeni unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela zohlobo lwezinhlobo ezitholakala eYurophu.
Kufanele uzijwayeze ngalezi zinhlobo ngokuningiliziwe:
- Okuluhlaza okotshani. Ihlukaniswa ngombala okhanyayo ompunga nomnqumo. Ngemuva, ngeso lenyama, ungabona amabala aluhlaza amnyama ahlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama. Ukuphepha kwabo, amasele aluhlaza amadala akhipha uketshezi olukhethekile. Inobuthi futhi iyingozi kakhulu ezitheni. Ama-amphibians anjalo akhetha ukuhamba ngezinyathelo, cishe awagxumi.
- Okuvamile. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emndenini. Umzimba womuntu omdala ubanzi, unombala onsundu, ompunga noma umnqumo. Amehlo akhanya kakhulu - iwolintshi.
- ICaucasian. I-amphibian enkulu. Ubude bayo bungafinyelela ngamasentimitha ayishumi nantathu. Umbala wesikhumba uvame ukuba nsundu ngokukhanyayo, mpunga omnyama. Isele elinjalo lihlala ezintabeni, emahlathini nasemigedeni.
- EMpumalanga Ekude. Isici salolu hlobo yiphalethi ebanzi yesikhumba, imithambo emincane nemivimbo yobude emzimbeni ongaphezulu. Lesi silwane sihlala emadlelweni anezikhukhula nasemahlathini anomthunzi.
- Umhlanga. Ubude be-amphibian cishe ngamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Umugqa ophuzi ophuzi ungabonakala kahle ngemuva. Umbala wesikhumba ungaba mpunga, umnqumo, isihlabathi.
- IsiMongolia. Leli butho linomzimba oyisicaba, ikhanda eliyindilinga, amehlo aqhakazile. Ubude bayo ngokuvamile abudluli amasentimitha ayisishiyagalolunye. Isici esihlukile ukuba khona kwezinsumpa eziningi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Amphibian earth toad
Amaseles aphansi anezici eziningi ezehlukile. Bantula ngokuphelele amazinyo engxenyeni engenhla yomhlathi, izindlala ezihlukile "ama-parotids" atholakala eduze kwezindlebe, futhi imilenze yabesilisa ifakwe ama-tubercles akhethekile. Ngosizo lwala ma-tubercles, abesilisa bangabamba ngokuthula emzimbeni wezinsikazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izindlala ze-parotid zinemisebenzi eminingana. Okokuqala, bafihla imfihlo ekhethekile yokuthambisa, kanti okwesibili, baba yisikhali sokuvikela. Abanye abantu bayazisebenzisa ukukhiqiza ushevu onoshevu. Kodwa-ke, kuyingozi kuphela ezitheni zemvelo zamasele. Kubantu, lo shevu ungadala ukuzwa okushisayo okuncane kuphela.
Iningi lamalungu omndeni linomzimba oyisicaba kancane, inhloko enkulu namehlo amakhulu. Amehlo abekwe endaweni evundlile. Izitho zangaphambili nezingemuva zineminwe. Zihlanganiswa ulwelwesi olukhethekile. Usiza izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ukusika emanzini.
Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kweselesele nexoxo yindlela yokuhamba. Amaxoxo ayeqa futhi amasele ahambe. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu obuncane bemilenze yangemuva. Imilenze emincane yenza isilwane sihambe kancane, hhayi ukweqa kangako. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvelo ibanikeze enye ikhwalithi ewusizo - ikhono lokuhambisa ulimi lwabo ngejubane lombani. Ngayo, amasele angazibamba kalula izinambuzane.
Umbala wesikhumba kubamele abahlukile uhluka kusuka esihlabathini kuya kokumnyama onsundu. Isikhumba semfucumfucu yobumba somile, sifakwe keratinized kancane, sigcwele izinsumpa. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amathathu. Kepha kaningi amasele anosayizi omaphakathi wamasentimitha ayi-9-13. Ngesisindo, isilwane ngokuvamile asidluli ikhilogremu elilodwa.
Uhlala kuphi umsele wobumba?
Isithombe: Isigaxa saphansi esivandeni
Abamele lolu hlobo lwezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini bandile. Bahlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yi-Antarctica. Muva nje, amasele nawo abengahlali e-Australia. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi benze inqwaba yamasele anobuthi lapho.
Izindandatho ezisemhlabathini sezisabalele eYurophu. Abamele bomndeni abahlukahlukene bahlala eGreat Britain, iBaltic States, Ukraine, Belarus, Sweden. Izilwane ezinjalo zitholakala ngamanani amakhulu cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amaseles amakhulu ngobumba ahlala eColombia, e-Ecuador. Ubude bazo bufinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Kodwa-ke, zimbalwa kakhulu izilwane ezinjalo ezisele. Namuhla basenqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Imvamisa, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zikhetha izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifanayo lapho zihlala khona. Lo mthetho ongashiwongo awusebenzi kubamele umndeni wezinyoni. Ama-amphibians anjalo ahlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Bahlala ezingwadule, emaxhaphozini, emaqeleni nasemadlelweni. Amaseles aphansi achitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emhlabathini. Emanzini, zizala kuphela. Amasele abekezelela ukushisa, amakhaza, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezulu kahle. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke awatholakali e-Antarctica.
Ludlani udoti lobumba?
Isithombe: Earth Toad
Ukuhamba kancane nokuba budlabha kwamasele obumba kuyadukisa. Abantu abaningi bababheka njengabaholi abampofu. Noma kunjalo, akunjalo. Lezi zilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zingabazingeli abahle! Ekutholeni ukudla, basizwa yizinto ezimbili: ikhono lokulahla ngokushesha ulimi kanye nokuminza kwemvelo. Isigaxa, ngaphandle kokuqhuma, singabamba kalula isinambuzane esindiza sidle. Amaxoxo awazi ukuthi angazingelwa kanjani kanjalo.
Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko kufaka:
- izimvemvane ezahlukahlukene;
- iminenke;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- izinambuzane, inzalo yazo - izibungu;
- inhlanzi ethosiwe.
Abantu abadala abakhulu babuye badle amagundane amancane, amaxoxo kanye nezibankwa. Kodwa-ke, ukubamba nokudla inyamazane enjalo akulula. Abamele umndeni bavame ukuzingela kusihlwa. Zingazingela ubusuku bonke, zilindele inyamazane yazo ziqamekele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amaseles aphansi aletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu. Bangabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuhleleka kwezitshalo. Ngosuku olulodwa, umuntu omdala usiza ukususa ama-gramu ayisishiyagalombili ezinambuzane. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu iphesenti lokonakala kwezitshalo.
Amasele afuna ukudla kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, eyedwa. Ngamaqembu, ama-amphibian ahlangana kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ebusika, ziyafukamela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isilwane sizitholela indawo efaneleke kakhulu. Imvamisa le ndawo ishiywa yimigundane, izimpande zezihlahla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-toad yomhlaba emvelweni
Imvelo yamasele obumba izolile impela. Bachitha usuku bethamela ilanga, kuthi kusihlwa baqale ukufuna ukudla abazokudla. Ukukhuluphala komzimba, imilenze emifushane yenza lezi zilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zihambe kancane. Bahamba kancane, futhi kuyaqabukela ungabona iselesele lapho ugxuma.
Abamele umndeni bathusa abaphikisana nabo ngobukhulu bomzimba wabo. Uma kuphakama ingozi, isele ligoba umhlane. Le ndlela iyenza ibonakale nakakhulu. Uma iqhinga lingasizanga ukwethusa umphikisi, i-amphibian ingenza ukweqa okukodwa okukhulu.
Ividiyo: Ground Toad
Amasu aphansi achitha usuku lwawo hhayi eduze nje kwemizimba yamanzi. Banesikhumba esenziwe kancane nge-keratinized, ngakho-ke abadingi ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi njalo. Izindlala ze-parotid zikhipha umswakama odingekayo esikhunjeni. Lokhu kwanele. Emini, isilwane singaba sehlathini ngokuphepha, ensimini, ezingadini. Eduze kwamanzi, amasele ahamba ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Ngesikhathi sokuseshwa kozakwethu, ukuzalanisa, lezi zilwane zenza umsindo okhethekile. Imvamisa ifana nowaka bodokotela. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyaqabukela kuzwakale. Kuphela lapho ethukile lapho isilo sasemanzini singakhipha ukukhala okuhlabayo. Isikhathi sonke somsebenzi wamasele obumba senzeka kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izilwane ziwela oopopayi abamisiwe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Earth Toad
Isikhathi sokukhwelana ngamasele obumba siqala ngemfudumalo yokuqala - entwasahlobo. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, le nkathi yenzeka ngenkathi yemvula enkulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lezi zasemanzini ziqoqwa ngamaqembu futhi ziseduze nemizimba yamanzi, imifula, amaxhaphozi. Amanzi abalulekile ngamasu okuzalanisa. Kusemanzini kuphela lapho kungazala khona izinzwani. Emachibini, kuqala abesilisa, bese kuba ngabesifazane. Abesifazane bangena emanzini bese beqala ukuzala. Abesilisa bagibela emhlane wabo bese bavundisa la maqanda. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, amasele ashiya echibini.
Emanzini, inzalo yesikhathi esizayo evela emaqandeni iphenduka abe onoshobingo abancane. Bazohlala emanzini isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezimbili. Ngalesi sikhathi, onoshobishobi badla kuphela ulwelwe nezitshalo ezincane. Ngemuva kwalokho, onoshobishobi baphenduka babe yizicwebe ezigcwele. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho bengaya khona ezweni. Izinga lokukhula kwamaqanda lincike ezicini eziningana: uhlobo lwesele, izinga lokushisa kwemvelo, amanzi. Imvamisa lesi sikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kwezingamashumi ayisithupha.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni azishiyi amaqanda ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Bayithwala ngomhlane kuze kuvele izibungu. Kukhona nabantu abathandanayo. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa kakhulu kubo futhi bahlala e-Afrika kuphela. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-amphibian enjalo ingazala izingane ezingekho ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamasele obumba, lapho owesilisa esebenza khona njengomzanyana. Ushaya amateyipu ezinqeni zakhe bese elinda ukuthi inzalo ivele kubo.
Izitha zemvelo zamasele obumba
Isithombe: I-Earth toad eRussia
Isigaxa somhlabathi asikwazi ukuzivikela kwezinye izilwane eziningi, abantu. Izitha zimhaqile nhlangothi zonke. Onogolantethe, izindwandwe, nezinyoni ezifuywayo bayazingela besuka esibhakabhakeni. Ngobuciko babamba izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini lapho zindiza. Emhlabathini, basengozini yezimpungushe, iminki, izingulube zasendle, ama-otter, nama-raccoon. Futhi izitha ezimbi kakhulu izinyoka. Akukho ukuphunyuka kubo.
Ukuzivikela kukaToads kuphela ezitheni uketshezi olunobuthi esikhunjeni sabo. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amalungu omndeni akwazi ukuyihlakulela. Amanye amasele kufanele azifihle ngobuciko endaweni eluhlaza. Lesi silwane esingenakuzivikela sisindiswa ekuqothulweni kuphela ngenxa yokuzala kwaso okukhulu.
Futhi, abantu abadala abaningi, onoshobishobi, bafa ezandleni zabantu. Othile ubabulala ukuzijabulisa kwabo, abanye bazama ukuzifuya. Kungenzeka ukugcina lezi zilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu ophumelelayo. Okuqukethwe okungalungile kuvame ukuholela ekufeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Umkhonto womhlaba etsheni
Isigaxa somhlabathi yisilwane esasakazeke kabanzi. Inani labo labantu lilonke aliyona imbangela yokukhathazeka. Lezi zilwane zivundile ngokwanele, ngakho-ke zivuselela ngokushesha ngamanani azo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezithile zamasele obumba zisengozini enkulu - onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa. Lokhu kufaka hlangana umcengezi womhlanga, i-viviparous toad ne-Kihansi.
Ukuvikelwa kwamasele obumba
Isithombe: Izinsipho ezisencwadini Ebomvu
Njengoba sekushiwo, ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wamazinyane zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ngakho-ke, amasele e-viviparous abhalwe ku-Red Book of Africa. Kusele bambalwa kakhulu kubo, ngakho-ke umbuso ubandakanyeka ekuvikeleni izilwane zasolwandle ezinjalo. Ibuyisa imvelo yemvelo yokuhlala kwabo, izimali amaphrojekthi wesayensi ocwaningweni oluningiliziwe lohlobo.
Izinsika zomhlanga zivikelwe yi-Berne Convention. Izinhlobo zazo zibhalwe kuRed Data Books zase-Estonia, eLithuania, eRussia, eBelarus, e-Ukraine. Okubuhlungu kakhulu ukuthi abantu bayimbangela yokuqothulwa kwalezi zilwane. Abantu babhubhisa indawo yemvelo yamasele omhlaba. Ikakhulu, i-Kihansi manje isitholakala kuphela ema-zoo, ngoba lolu hlobo lwaqala ukufa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwedamu emfuleni, lapho kwakuhlala khona lezi zilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini.
Inzwane yomhlaba - hhayi isilwane esikhangayo kangako, kodwa esiwusizo impela. Kuyasiza ekususeni amasimu nezinadi zezinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi. Abamele lo mndeni bamelwe ngobuningi emazwenikazi ahlukene, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 14.08.2019 ngo-11: 38
