Nguye obizwa ngokhokho wezimvu ezifuywayo. IMouflon, yize incane kunezinye izimvu zasentabeni, kodwa njengazo, iphoqeleka ukuba ithwale izimpondo ezisontekile ezisindayo impilo yayo yonke.
Incazelo yemouflon
I-Ovis gmelini (aka Ovis ovis) iyi-artiodactyl ekhanyayo evela kuhlobo lwezimvu, okuyingxenye yomndeni we-bovid. Ngokwesinye sezigaba, lolu hlobo luqukethe ama-subspecies ama-5: amaYurophu, amaCypriot, ama-Armenia, ama-Isfahan nama-marflon aseLaristani.
Ukubukeka
Ngaphezu kokunye, kufundwe ama-subspecies ama-3 ama-mouflon (i-European, iTranscaucasian neCypriot), ahlukaniswa ngendawo yawo kanye nokunye okungafani nengaphandle.
ICypriot, ngenxa yobukhona bayo obukude esiqhingini, yazitholela isici sayo: le mouflon, ehlala ehlathini kuphela, incane kancane kunezihlobo ezivela kwamanye ama-subspecies. Imibala isukela kokusagolide okukhanyayo kuye kobunsundu obumnyama, kepha isisu, izinselo eziphansi namakhala kumhlophe.
Maphakathi nehlobo, “isihlalo” sivela emhlane wesilwane - indawo ephuzi ngokumhlophe noma mpunga. Ngesimo sezulu esibandayo, imouflon ithola umhlwenga: uboya obuse-nape buba buningi futhi bube lukhuni. Imininingwane ephawulekayo umugqa omnyama ovela ekhanda, ugijima kulo lonke igebe futhi uqeda ngomsila omfushane.
Iqiniso. I-molt yama-mouflons iqala ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari futhi iphele ngoMeyi. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti, bagqoka ijazi lasehlobo, okuthi ngoSepthemba liqale ukushintshwa ijazi lasebusika eliqala ukubonakala okokugcina ngaphambi kukaDisemba.
I-mouflon yaseYurophu ibizwa ngokuthi inqama yasendle yokugcina eYurophu. Inengubo emfushane eshelelayo (enwetshiwe esifubeni), nsundu ngokubomvu ngemuva futhi emhlophe esiswini. Ebusika, uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwesikebhe luba nsundu-chestnut.
I-mouflon yaseTranscaucasian inkudlwana kunemvu yasekhaya, mncane futhi iqine, inoboya obubomvu-obubomvu, buhlanjululwe ngombala omhlophe ngokumpunga (ngesimo sehhashi). Isifuba imvamisa sinsundu ngokukhanyayo, umthunzi ofanayo ubonwa ngaphambili kwemilenze yangaphambili.
Ebusika, ijazi likhanya kancane libe nsundu ngokubomvu, ngokubomvu okuphuzi nokubomvu kwe-chestnut. Futhi, ngeqhwa, i-mouflon ikhula (entanyeni / esifubeni) amazolo amnyama amafushane, kepha isisu nemilenze engezansi zihlala zimhlophe.
Izilwane ezisencane zimbozwe ngoboya obuthambile obunsundu ngokumpunga.
Ubukhulu beMouflon
I-mouflon yentaba yaseTranscaucasian ingaphambi kwamanye ama-mouflon ngosayizi, ikhula ifike ku-80-95 cm ekubuneni ngobude bemitha eli-1.5 futhi ifinyelela ku-80 kg wobunzima. I-mouflon yaseYurophu ikhombisa ubukhulu obunesizotha - umzimba wamamitha ayi-1.25 (lapho i-10 cm iwela emsileni) futhi ifike kuma-75 cm lapho ibuna ngesisindo esingu-40 kuye ku-50 kg. Ubude be-mouflon yaseCyprus bucishe bube yi-1.1 m ngobude obubunile obungamasentimitha angama-65 kuya kwangama-70 nobunzima obukhulu obungu-35 kg.
Indlela Yokuphila
Imiphakathi yasehlobo yama-mouflon isuka ezilwaneni ezi-5 kuye kwezingu-20: njengomthetho, lezi yizinsikazi eziningana ezinamazinyane, kwesinye isikhathi ezihambisana nabesilisa abadala abayi-1-2. Lokhu okwedlule, kepha, kuvame ukugcinwa ngamaqembu ahlukene, kuvumela ubukhona besifazane esisodwa lapho. Abesilisa abadala baphoqeleka ukuba baphile njengabathunjwa, bodwa.
Ekupheleni kwekwindla, imihlambi emincane ibuthana ibe umhlambi owodwa onamandla, ofinyelela ezihlokweni ezifika ku-150-200, umholi wawo owesilisa onolwazi. Uhola umhlambi futhi ngasikhathi sinye usebenza njengomlindi, ekhuphuka itshe / i-hillock futhi elunguze kude lapho ama-mouflon ephumule noma edlisa.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ebona ubungozi, umholi ushaya phansi ngonyawo lwakhe ngamandla agijime, abeke isibonelo somhlambi wonke. Ukugijima kwe-moufflon kulula futhi kuyashesha - kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukubona ukuthi izinselo zayo zithinta kanjani umhlaba.
Uma kunesidingo, i-mouflon igxuma ifike ku-1.5 m phezulu noma yeqe nge-10 m phansi, ngokungazami igxume phezu kwezihlahla namatshe amakhulu. Yeqa, inqama iphonsa ikhanda layo emuva ngezimpondo bese ivala imilenze yayo yangaphambili neyangemuva, ifike isivele ibanzi.
Ensimini ekhethiwe, ama-mouflons ahola impilo yokuhlala enemibandela enezindawo "ezibekwe eceleni" zokuphumula, zokudla kanye nokunisela. Ngesikhathi sezinguquko, zigijima ngemizila efanayo, zinyathela izindlela ezibonakalayo nezinye izilwane ezisebenzisa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ntambama ehlobo elishisayo, izinqama zihlala ngaphansi kwezilenge ezinamadwala, emihosheni noma emthunzini wezihlahla ezinkulu. Imibhede ihlala njalo futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibukeka njengemigodi, ngoba izinqama ziyinyathela zijule ngokwanele, cishe imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ebusika, lo mhlambi udla kuze kuhlwe, ucashe emifantwini lapho iqhwa lishaya noma kushaya iqabaka elibi.
I-mouflon ikhala kakhulu njengemvu yasekhaya, kepha imisindo inamandla futhi ayizwakali ngokwengeziwe. Izilwane zisebenzisa izimpawu zezwi njalo, zixwayisa ngengozi nokuchofoza kwamalungu omhlambi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
AmaMouflon, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ama-subspecies, ahlala ezimweni zemvelo cishe iminyaka eyi-12-15. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi izimpondo zayo ezisindayo zibhekene nokuphila isikhathi eside komhlanga. Aqukethe umnkantsha, okhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi. Yibo abathwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke, ngaphandle kwawo i-mouflon ibingacinana ezintabeni, lapho umoya uzacile khona kakhulu. Ukuphakamisa ukuphakamisa, kudingeka umnkantsha owengeziwe futhi izimpondo kufanele zibe nzima.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngobukhona / ukungabikho noma usayizi wezimpondo, kanye nesisindo nokuphakama kwesilwane. Abesifazane abagcini nje ngokukhanya futhi kulula kunabesilisa (abanesisindo esingaphansi kwesigamu noma sesithathu ngaphansi), kepha ezimweni eziningi abanazo izimpondo. Izimpondo zama-mouflon ezinsikazi zikhula ngokwedlulele ngokweqile, kepha noma kunjalo zincane kakhulu.
Abesilisa be-mouflon yaseYurophu baziqhayisa ngobukhulu (amafolda angama-30-40) nezimpondo ezingunxantathu ezifika ku-65 cm ubude. Ama-mouflon aseCyprus nawo afaka izimpondo ezinkulu, ezijikelezayo.
Izimpondo zamaduna ama-mouflon aseTranscaucasian ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu nangobude, kanye nasesihlokweni esisekelweni - kusuka kumasentimitha angama-21 kuye kwangama-30.
Indawo yokuhlala
IMouflon itholakala eSouth Caucasus nasezifundeni eziseningizimu zeTajikistan / Turkmenistan kuze kufike oLwandle iMedithera nasenyakatho ntshonalanga yeNdiya. I-mouflon yaseYurophu ihlala eziqhingini zaseSardinia naseCorsica, kanye naseningizimu yezwekazi laseYurophu, lapho yethulwa khona ngempumelelo.
Ekwindla ka-2018, kwatholakala imouflon entshonalanga yeKazakhstan (i-Ustyurt plateau). I-mouflon yaseTranscaucasian idla ezindaweni ezisezintabeni zase-Azerbaijan nase-Armenia (kufaka ne-Armenian Highlands), ifinyelela kohlelo lwezintaba iZagros e-Iran, Iraq naseTurkey.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zethulwe ezindaweni zokuzingela e-United States. Izilwane zilethwe eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika ukuze zizingelwe.
Kunekoloni elincane lama-mouflon eziqhingini zaseKerguelen emkhakheni oseningizimu we-Indian Ocean. I-subspecies evamile, i-mouflon yaseCyprus, ihlala eCyprus. Indawo evamile yokuhlala imithambeka yezintaba ezinezihlahla. Izinqama (ngokungafani nezimbuzi) azithandi ikakhulukazi izintaba ezinamadwala, zikhetha ukukhululeka okuzolile okuvulekile ngeziqongo eziyindilinga, amathafa kanye nemithambeka emnene.
Ukuze kube nokuthula, ama-mouflon awadingi nje idlelo elihle elinombono obanzi, kepha futhi nokusondela komgodi wokunisela. Ukufuduka kwesizini akuvamile kubameli bezinhlobo futhi kwenzeka ngokungavamile, kepha ukunyakaza okuqondile kwabantu kuyabonakala.
Ngenkathi efudumele, izimvu zikhuphukela phezulu ezintabeni, lapho kunezitshalo eziningi eziluhlaza futhi umoya upholile. Ebusika, ama-mouflon ehlela ezindaweni eziphakeme, lapho kufudumele khona. Eminyakeni eyomile, umhlambi uvame ukuzulazula ufuna ukudla nomswakama.
Ukudla kweMouflon
Ehlobo, izilwane ziphuma ziye emadlelweni lapho ukushisa sekudlile, bese kuzishiya kusihlwa kuphela. IMouflon, njengezinye izinqama, ingeyokudla okudla imifino, ngoba utshani nezinhlamvu kutholakala ekudleni kwayo. Ezulazula emasimini epulazi, imihlambi yama-mouflon asendle ayakujabulela ukuzitika ngokolweni (nokunye okusanhlamvu), aqothula isivuno esikhulayo.
Ukudla kwe-mouflon ehlobo kufaka phakathi ezinye izimila:
- i-sedge no-feather grass;
- amajikijolo namakhowe;
- ubulembu nobulembu;
- i-fescue ne-grassgrass.
Ebusika, izinqama zizama ukudlisa ezindaweni ezingenalo iqhwa, lapho kulula khona ukuthola utshani obomile, noma izimpande zezinselo ngaphansi kweqhwa neqhwa. Abasithandi ikakhulukazi isifundo sokugcina, ngakho-ke izimvu ezimnyama zizimisele kakhulu ukushintshela emagatsheni amancane noma zidle amagxolo.
Ziya emgodini wokuchelela lapho kushona ilanga ngisho nasebusuku, emva kwalokho ziyaphumula, kuthi ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga ziphinde ziphuze futhi zikhuphuke izintaba. Ama-Mouflons aziwa ngekhono lawo lokuqeda ukoma ngamanzi amnandi hhayi kuphela kodwa nangamanzi anosawoti.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Iningi labesifazane liqala ukugeleza ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, i-mouflon rut enkulu iyaqala, ithatha kusukela ngoNovemba kuya engxenyeni yokuqala kaDisemba.
Lwela abesifazane
AmaMouflon awomele igazi, futhi alwela ngisho nenhliziyo yowesifazane, awulethi udaba ekubulaleni noma ekulimaleni kanzima, azinciphise ekuboniseni ukuphakama. Ukuphela kwento esongela abadlali bama-duel, abaphulukana nokuqapha kwabo ngaphakathi othandweni lothando, ukuwela ezingalweni zomzingeli noma babe yindebe yokuzingela.
Ngesikhathi sonyaka we-rutting, ama-mouflon agcina emihlambini ehlangene yamakhanda ayi-10-15, lapho kukhona khona abesilisa abambalwa abavuthiwe ngokobulili, phakathi kwalapho kulwa khona kwasendaweni. Izinqama zihlakazeka cishe ngamamitha angama-20, bese zigijimisana, zishayisane nezimpondo ezisontekile ukuze i-echo evela kumthelela isabalale ngamakhilomitha ama-2-3.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ama-mouflon ahlangana ngezikhathi ezithile nezimpondo zawo, abut isikhathi eside futhi kwesinye isikhathi awe, ekhipha uhlobo lokububula. Bekhathele, abesilisa bayayeka ukulwa, babuye baqale kabusha ngemuva kwekhefu.
Kepha, noma ngabe ithini imiphumela yalo mqhudelwano, zonke izinqama zinelungelo lokumboza abesifazane ngokushisa, bobabili abahluliwe (okungekho noyedwa obaxoshayo emhlambini) nalabo abanqobile. Abesifazane ngesikhathi se-estrus bezolile futhi babukele ngokuthula ukucaciswa kobudlelwano phakathi kwabesilisa.
Umlingani ovunyelwe emzimbeni uziphatha njenganoma iyiphi inqama - ngokukhala okuthulile, ulandela insikazi ngokunganaki, ehlikihla intamo yakhe ezinhlangothini zomlingani futhi azame ukumboza. Abesilisa bavame ukuhlala emhlambini ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, bephelezela abesifazane babo kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Ukubeletha kanye nenzalo
I-mouflon yesifazane (njengemvu yasekhaya) izala abantwana izinyanga ezingaba zisihlanu. Amawundlu okuqala azalwa ekupheleni kukaMashi, kodwa iningi lokuzalwa lenzeka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli noma engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi.
Ngaphambi nje kokuba izale iwundlu, insikazi iyashiya emhlambini, ithole izindawo ezicashile zokubelethela ezindaweni ezinamadwala noma ezihosheni. Imvu izala amawundlu amabili, kuyaqabukela elilodwa, ezintathu, noma ezine. Ekuqaleni, amawundlu awanakuzisiza, awakwazi ukulandela unina, futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi ayabaleki, kodwa ayacasha.
Isonto nohhafu emva kokuzalwa, bathola amandla ukuze baphume nonina baye emhlambini noma bakhe okusha. Babiza unina, bakhala njengezimvu zasekhaya. Owesifazane ubondla ngobisi kuze kube nguSepthemba / Okthoba, kancane kancane (kusuka cishe enyangeni eyodwa) ebafundisa ukucindezela utshani obusha.
Isisindo se-mouflon esinonyaka owodwa silingana no-30% wesisindo somuntu omdala, futhi ukuphakama kungaphezudlwana kuka-2/3 wokukhula kowokugcina. Ukukhula okuncane kufinyelela ekukhuleni okugcwele ngeminyaka emi-4-5, kepha kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ngobude bese kukhuluphala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7.
Imisebenzi yokuzala yama-mouflon ayivuki ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-2-4, kepha abesilisa abancane abalokothi bancintisane nabangane babo asebekhulile, ngakho-ke abahlanganyeli ekuzingeleni ngokocansi eminye iminyaka emithathu.
Izitha zemvelo
IMouflon izwela kakhulu ngenxa yokuzwa kwayo okuhle kakhulu, ukubona kahle nokuzwa kahle kwephunga (umuzwa wephunga ezinhlotsheni zethuthuke kangcono kunezinye izinzwa). Ezesabeka kakhulu futhi eziqaphileyo ngabantu besifazane abanezinyane.
Kuyathakazelisa. Umsebenzi wokuqapha emhlambini wenziwa hhayi ngumholi kuphela, kodwa futhi nangabanye besilisa abadala, ngezikhathi ezithile befaka omunye komunye.
Lapho usongelwa, umlindi wenza umsindo onjengokuthi "cue ... k". Okuthile njenge "toh-toh" kuzwakala lapho izinqama, ziholwa ngumholi, zibalekela ingozi. Izinsikazi ezinamawundlu ziyamgijimisa, kuthi amaduna amadala avale umhlambi, okuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ume bese uqalaza.
Izilwane ezidla umhlaba zithathwa njengezitha zemvelo ze-mouflon:
- impisi;
- i-lynx;
- i-wolverine;
- ingwe;
- impungushe (ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezisencane).
Ofakazi bokuzibonela bathi umuntu akanakusondela kule mouflon eduze kwezitebhisi ezingama-300 ukusuka ohlangothini lomkhumbi. Noma bengaboni abantu, isilo sibanuka ngezinyathelo ezingama-300-400. Iqhutshwa ilukuluku, i-mouflon kwesinye isikhathi ivumela umuntu ukuthi athathe izinyathelo ezingama-200, uma engakhombisi ulaka futhi aziphathe kahle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
IMouflon ibilokhu iyinto eyigugu kubazingeli (ikakhulukazi abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho) ngenxa yenyama yayo enambithekayo, noma iyinyama enzima, isikhumba esijiyile, uboya obuhle basebusika futhi, nezimpondo ezisindayo ezisindayo. Ngokweminye imibiko, kwakuyizimpondo ezaba yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kwamaphesenti angama-30 esilwane sonke.
Enye yama-mouflon subspecies i-Ovis orientalis (i-mouflon yaseYurophu) yafakwa ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red. Inani labantu emhlabeni jikelele liyancipha, okwenza i-Ovis orientalis ibe sengozini. Izici ezithinta kabi ukongiwa kwesibalo sama-mouflon:
- ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala;
- isomiso nobusika obukhulu;
- ukuncintisana nemfuyo yokudla / amanzi;
- izingxabano zempi ezindaweni zokuhlala;
- ukuzingela ngokungemthetho.
I-Ovis orientalis ibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo I (ngaphansi kwamagama u-O. Orientalis ophion no-O. Vignei vignei) kwiSithasiselo II (ngaphansi kwegama elithi Ovis vignei).
E-Afghanistan, i-Ovis orientalis ifakiwe kuhlu lokuqala (olwenziwe ngo-2009) lwezinhlobo zombuso ezivikelekile, okusho ukuthi ukuzingela nokuhweba ngama-mouflon ngaphakathi ezweni akuvumelekile.
Namuhla, i-mouflon yentaba yaseTranscaucasian ivikelwe e-Ordubad National Park (e-Azerbaijan) naseKhosrov Nature Reserve (e-Armenia). Ama-subspecies afakiwe kwiRed Data Books yase-Azerbaijan nase-Armenia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nursery yokuzalanisa izimvu zaseTranscaucasian isungulwe e-Armenia futhi bekungavunyelwe ukuzizingela kusukela ngo-1936.
Futhi, iZoological Institute of Armenia isungule uhlelo lokulondolozwa kwabo ekuthunjweni. Ososayensi baphakamise amaphuzu ambalwa:
- ngesikhathi esifushane, thola isimo sezinhlobo (ngokubalwa okunembile kwemfuyo);
- ukunweba isiqiwi seKhosrov ngokukhokhela izindawo ezazinikezwe izimvu phambilini;
- ukunikeza i-Ordubad reserve state ukubaluleka;
- ukunciphisa / ukuqeda imizamo yokuzingela ngokungemthetho;
- lawula imfuyo.
E-Iran, i-Ovis orientalis gmelinii (i-mouflon yase-Armenia) ingaphansi kokunakekelwa okukhethekile kombuso. Abamele ama-subspecies bahlala ezindaweni eziyi-10 ezivikelwe, izindawo zokugcina izilwane zasendle ezi-3, kanye naseLake Urmia National Park.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaphikisanayo be-mouflon base-Armenia batholakala eziqiwini eziningana zikazwelonke, ezindaweni ezivikelwe nakwezinye izindawo ezigcinwayo. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezindawo ezivikelwe, amadlelo emfuyo alawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ukuzingelwa kwama-mouflon (ngaphandle kwalezi zindawo) kuvunyelwe kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuFebhuwari futhi kuphela nelayisense.
