Unogwaja waseYurophu uyisilwane esincelisayo sohlobo lwehares kanye nokuhleleka kwamaLagomorphs. Omele amathende omndeni omude kakhulu weHare yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezakhamuzi ezivamile zensimu yaseYurophu, e-Asia Minor naseNtshonalanga ye-Asia, kanye nasezinkantini zaseNyakatho Afrika.
Incazelo kanogwaja
URusak ungowesigaba sama-hares amakhulu. Isilwane esincelisayo sinobude bomzimba ebangeni elingama-57-68 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-4-6 kg, kepha isisindo sezinhlobo ezithile singafinyelela ku-7 kg. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu bahlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yebanga. Unogwaja wehlukaniswa ngumthethosisekelo owentekenteke futhi unokwehluka okuphawulekayo kunogwaja omhlophe, amelwe yizindlebe ezinde nomsila omile okwempundu onombala omnyama onsundu noma omnyama engxenyeni engenhla.
IHare igijima ngokushesha kunezingubo ezimhlophe, ezichazwa ukweqa okude, futhi emabangeni amafushane aqondile isilwane sikwazi ukusheshisa size sifike ku-50-60 km / h. Amahares angabhukuda kahle, futhi lapho elimele noma ebanjiwe angakhipha ukukhala nokukhala okuphezulu kakhulu. Unogwaja ophazamisekile uchofoza kakhulu amazinyo. Olunye uhlobo lokuxhumana ukungqubuzana kwezidladla, okusikhumbuza isigubhu, kodwa abesifazane babiza onogwaja babo ngemisindo ethambile.
Ngaphandle kokuthi izitho zangemuva zikanogwaja zinde ngokuphawulekayo kunalezo zikanogwaja omhlophe, izidladla zesilwane esinjalo azincishani nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zimfushane, lokhu kungenxa yokuhlala ezifundeni ezinesembozo seqhwa esiqinile nesingajulile.
Ukubukeka
Umbala wasehlobo woboya bukanogwaja ungaba ocher-grey, nsundu, nsundu, ocher-red or brown brown, futhi unemibala ehlukene. Lesi silwane sibonakala ngokuba khona kwamachashazi amakhulu amnyama akhiwe ngemikhawulo yezinwele ebhokisini elingaphansi. Izeluleko zezinwele zokuqapha ziyi-ocher. Ijazi likanogwaja liyacwebezela, lisilika, lishwabene ngokuphawulekayo. Ingxenye eseceleni inombala ulula kunangemuva, kanti isisu simhlophe, asinamaqhuqhuva. Kunamasongo amhlophe azungeze amehlo, futhi izeluleko zezindlebe zimnyama impilo yonke. Uboya basebusika bukanogwaja bukhanya kancane kunoboya basehlobo, futhi indawo yekhanda, ingxenye engaphambili yomhlane nezeluleko zezindlebe zihlala zimnyama ngisho nasebusika.
Kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinyoni zasendle, i-molt kuma-hares abantu abadala iyabonakala entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngentwasahlobo, inqubo enjalo yemvelo iqala kuphela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi futhi iqhubeke izinsuku ezingama-75-80, iphele kuphela maphakathi nenyanga edlule yasentwasahlobo. I-molts yezilwane isebenza kakhulu ngo-Ephreli. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho izinwele zikanogwaja zingaphuma ziqhume, kugcinwe ukuqondiswa okujwayelekile - kusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni. Ekwindla, izinwele zasehlobo ziyawa kancane kancane, bese esikhundleni sazo kuthathwa uboya obuluhlaza obugqamile nobunzima. Ekwindla, i-molt iqala kusukela engxenyeni yesifazane, ihambele endaweni ye-croup, i-ridge, imilenze yangaphambi kanye nezinhlangothi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, unogwaja uyisilwane esihlala phansi. Ngokuya ngezinkomba zesisekelo sokudla endaweni yokuhlala, isilwane sikwazi ukuhlala njalo ezindaweni ezifanayo, sithatha amahektha angama-30-50. Endaweni yezinye izifunda, unogwaja ungenza ukuzulazula nsuku zonke kusuka endaweni yokuqamba ukuya endaweni yokudla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, unogwaja ukhuphukela kumakhilomitha ayishumi. Ukunyakaza kwesizini nakho kuyabonakala ezikhathini zasekwindla nasebusika, lapho izimbila ezinsundu zisondela eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, emaphethelweni ehlathi nasezindaweni eziphakeme ezinenani elincane leqhwa.
Ama-hares, ahlala endaweni enezintaba, ehlela emfuleni wezikhukhula ekwindla, kepha ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ama-hares abuyela emuva emithambekeni yezintaba. Lapho kunezimo ezingezinhle, kufaka phakathi uqweqwe lweqhwa nesembozo seqhwa esiphakeme, esiphazamisa ukudla, ukubonwa kwabantu abaningi ngokwemvelo kuyabonakala. Endaweni yezifunda eziseningizimu, ukunyakaza konogwaja onsundu kungabonakala entwasahlobo nasehlobo, okuhambisana nemisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu. Ama-hares asebenza ikakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku, kepha ngesikhathi semikhuba yonyaka yezilwane, kunomsebenzi owandile wasemini.
Abamele abasebenza kakhulu be-oda Hare-like engxenyeni yokuqala yobusuku, kanye nasezikhathi zasekuseni kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esisodwa sokukhuluphala, unogwaja onsundu uyakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha ambalwa, kepha izilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zivame ukuhamba ibanga elide kunezilwane ezihlala emaphethelweni ehlathi nasemahlathini. Izimo ezingathandeki zidala ama-hares ukuthi angakunaki ukuphuma kwamafutha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukulala ehlobo kuvezwa umgodi omncane ombiwe ngaphansi kwesembozo sezihlahla noma izihlahla eziwile. Imvamisa, izilwane zimane zilele emngceleni wensimu.
Imigodi ehlala njalo ayihlelwa yizimbadada, kepha kwesinye isikhathi unogwaja umba imingxunya yesikhashana ezimweni zokushisa okukhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, abameleli bomndeni wakwaHare baphumula emigodini eshiywe yizimbila, izimpungushe nezimbila, futhi indawo okukhoselwe kuyo incike enkathini kanye nasezimweni zezulu. Entwasahlobo, umbhede wesilwane uvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele kahle, futhi ngezinsuku zemvula - emagqumeni awomile. Ebusika, indawo evaliwe lapho kuvunguza umoya ikhethelwa ukuqamba amanga.
Ezindaweni ezinesembozo seqhwa esijule kakhulu, ama-hares angamba imigodi emide yamamitha amabili, kuthi ebusika nasekwindla, ama-hares ajwayele ukulala ezitsheni zotshani eduze nezindawo zokuhlala.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani unogwaja?
Isikhathi sokuphila sikanogwaja endle singahluka kusuka eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kwengu-12, okuchazwa inani elikhulu lezitha zemvelo. Kulokhu, abesifazane baphila cishe iminyaka emihlanu, nabesilisa - kuze kube yiminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala. Kukhona futhi amacala aziwayo futhi aqoshiwe lapho abamele lolu hlobo baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12-14.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi kumbala wezinhlamvu zaseYurophu azikho ngokuphelele. Umehluko phakathi kwabantu abadala umelwe kuphela ngosayizi wesilwane.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukuhlakazeka kukanogwaja enyakatho, cishe, akuqalanga ngaphambi kwesikhathi maphakathi nesikhathi se-Quaternary, futhi manje isilwane sasendle esinjalo sisabalale ezindaweni ezinamahlumela, emaqeleni nasehlathini laseYurophu, e-Ireland naseScotland, eTurkey nase-Iran, kanye naseTranscaucasia nasengxenyeni esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia. ... Izinsalela zezinsalela zitholakala kumadiphozithi ePleistocene eCrimea nase-Azerbaijan. Endaweni yaseRussia, amahare ansundu atholakala ogwini olusenyakatho lwamachibi e-Onega naseLadoga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele wokusabalalisa ufinyelela eKirov nasePerm, ugoba uzungeze izintaba ze-Ural uye esifundeni sasePavlodar. Imingcele eseningizimu idlula eTranscaucasia, e-Ustyurt, engxenyeni esenyakatho yesifunda i-Aral Sea iya eKaraganda.
Lesi silwane sijwayelene nezindawo eziningi eziseningizimu yeSiberia eseSouthernia, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezisezintabeni zeSalair, Altai naseKuznetsk Alatau. URusak wakhiqizwa eKrasnoyarsk nase-Altai Territory, eKemerovo naseNovosibirsk, eChita nase-Irkutsk, kanti futhi ujwayele ukuhlala kahle eMpumalanga Ekude nasePrimorsky Territory. Phakathi kokunye, imizamo yokuhlalisa kabusha kabusha lesi silwane eNyakatho, Ephakathi neseNingizimu Melika yaphumelela, kwathi eNew Zealand naseningizimu ye-Australia, unogwaja washeshe waba yisilokazane sezolimo.
Ukuba yisakhamuzi esivamile sezindawo ezivulekile, amahlathi asemaqeleni namathafa, kanye namathafa asemaqeleni, unogwaja ukhetha izindawo ezivulekile: izinkambu, amadlelo, imiphetho yehlathi, izindawo ezinkulu zokugawula, ama-glades namafriji. Ekujuleni kwama-coniferous massifs amadala, isilwane esinjalo asivamile. Esikhathini esiningi, abamele umndeni bahlala emahlathini avulekile amahlathi ahlabayo. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizidleke zabadala yizindawo lapho umhlaba wezolimo uthathelwa indawo ngamaphoyisa amancane, amahlathi, izihosha nemifula. Ebusika, isilwane sidonsela endaweni yokuhlala nemizimba yamanzi yonke indawo.
Ukudla kukanogwaja
Ngezinsuku zasehlobo, ama-hares adla izitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kanye namahlumela emithi amancane nezihlahla. Izilwane ngokuzithandela kakhulu zidla amaqabunga aluhlaza neziqu zezitshalo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi amalungu omndeni wakwaHare angakwazi ngisho nokumba izimpande ezingekho ezinkulu kakhulu zezihlahla nezihlahla. Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ama-hares adla imbewu engagaywanga, okufaka isandla ekusatshalalisweni kwayo okusebenzayo. Ukwakheka kwesilinganiso sotshani wehlobo kuhluke kakhulu futhi kumelelwa izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zasendle nezitshaliwe:
- idandelion;
- i-chicory;
- tansy;
- inyoni yasezintabeni;
- ukudlwengula;
- i-clover;
- i-alfalfa;
- ubhekilanga;
- okufana nokolweni;
- okusanhlamvu.
Hares bathanda kakhulu izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zemifino namakhabe. Ebusika, unogwaja, ngokungafani nezimbila ezimhlophe, uyaqhubeka nokudla izimbadada zotshani nembewu, izitshalo zasebusika, kanye nezinsalela zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zensimu, ezikhishwa ngqo ngaphansi kweqhwa. Uma isembozo seqhwa sijule kakhulu, lesi silwane sikhetha ukushintshela ekudleni izihlahlana ezahlukahlukene kanye nohlaza olunamahlamvu ngendlela yamahlumela nokukhonkotha.
Ngokuzithandela, unogwaja udla i-oki ne-maple, i-hazel nomshanelo, amapheya kanye nezihlahla zama-apula, kanye ne-aspen ne-willow, abathandwa yi-hares emhlophe, badliwa kaningi. Izimbiwa zasebusika zivame ukuvakashelwa yiziqeshana ezimpunga, ezingakwazi ukwephula iqhwa ngokwazo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izinkathi zokuzalela zamahares ziyahlukahluka ngobude nangesikhathi ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. ENtshonalanga Yurophu, amahare ngokuvamile avame ukuzala phakathi kukaMashi noSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, cishe ama-70-75% abesifazane aletha ama-brood amane, futhi eminyakeni efudumele kungazalwa ama-broods amahlanu. Ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esikahle nezimo zezulu, isikhathi se-rutting siyaqhubeka unyaka wonke, kanti onogwaja bokuqala bazalwa ngoJanuwari. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga, akukho ngaphezu kwama-broods amabili aqoshiwe.
Ensimini yeRussia emaphakathi, isikhathi se-rut yokuqala senzeka ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noMashi, kanti okwesibili - ngo-Ephreli nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Inani eliphakeme lesithathu lokuzalela libonwa ngoJuni. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45 kuye kwezingama-48, kepha onogwaja besifazane bangaphinde baphathane ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha nangaphambi kwabo. Ukubheka kukhombisa ukuthi umvundla awunabungane njengaleyo yezinyoni; ngakho-ke, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nonogwaja bangahlangana kamuva noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi sonyaka esijwayelekile.
Kuhlobo olulodwa, inani lonogwaja liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-9, futhi ubukhulu bomntwana buya ngezimo eziningi. Ngokuvamile, izindawo ezinemijikelezo emincane yokuzala zinamabele amakhulu, futhi isibalo esikhulu sonogwaja sizalwa ehlobo. Ama-broods amakhulu kakhulu azalwa ngabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi. Masinyane ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi ihlela isidleke esidala otshanini, imbe umgodi, noma, ezimweni ezishisa kakhulu zezulu, ihlomisa imbobo engajulile.
Amahares azalwa ebonwa futhi embozwe ngoboya. Isisindo esimaphakathi sikanogwaja osanda kuzalwa singu-100-120 g. Izinsikazi zondla izingane zazo ngobisi kanye ngosuku, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izingane zondla kanye ezinsukwini ezine. Kusukela osukwini lwesihlanu lokuphila, amawundlu azama ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuhamba kude kakhulu nalapho azalelwa khona. Emavikini amabili ubudala, isisindo sikanogwaja singama-300-400 g. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, sebevele badla utshani ngenkuthalo, futhi ngenyanga bazimela ngokuphelele. Kunezimo lapho izimbadada zabesifazane zondla zabanye abantu, kepha ngesimo sokuthi zilingana namazinyane azo.
Ezimweni zemvelo futhi lapho zigcinwa epaki yezilwane, ukuvela kwezinhlamvu zohlobo lukanogwaja nomvundla omhlophe, okubizwa nge- "cuffs", kwesinye isikhathi kuyabonakala.
Izitha zemvelo
Unogwaja uyisilwane esincelisayo esingenakho ukuzivikela esinenani elikhulu kakhulu lezitha. Abantu abadala kanye nonogwaja abasebasha bayazingelwa ngabantu, izilwane eziningi ezidla ubusuku nemini, kufaka phakathi ama-lynx, izimpisi nezimpungushe, amakati nezinja eziphambukayo, kanye nezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama.
Inani lokuhweba
AmaHares kudala abe yinto ethandwayo yokuzingelwa kwezemidlalo nezentengiso. Inani elikhulu lezilwane libhujiswa minyaka yonke ngenxa yenyama emnandi, kanye nezikhumba ezifudumele nezinhle. Ngonogwaja onsundu, usayizi wokudubula olinganiselwa emzileni ophakathi nendawo kufanele ube cishe ngama-30%, nasezindaweni ezisezintabeni - kufika ku-50% wemfuyo ephelele ngobuningi babantu abayi-15-20 ngabantu abayi-1000 ha.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Unogwaja onsundu wonkana yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, inani eliphelele lakhona eminyakeni ethile elifinyelela kwizigidi ezimbalwa zabantu. Ama-epizootic kanye nokuntuleka kokudla kungaba nomthelela omubi ngokwedlulele enanini lezilwane ezinjalo, kepha inani likanogwaja onsundu okwamanje alikhathazwa kangako.
