I-Big kudu, noma i-antelope enezimpondo ezishisayo, ingenye yezinhlwathi ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lesi silwane sigqama ngobukhosi baso phakathi kwabanye abamele lolu hlobo. Emahlombe, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu, futhi izimpondo zeduna ezikhulayo zingakhula zifike kumasentimitha ayi-120-150.
Incazelo ye-kudu enkulu
Umbala womzimba we-kudu omkhulu usukela kokunsundu ngokubomvu uye kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma mpunga ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emiphakathini eseningizimu yalezi zinhlobo, abantu abamnyama batholakala. Umbala wejazi wabesilisa uba mnyama ngobudala. Amajita afana nombala kwabesifazane. Banombala okhanyayo futhi abanazimpondo. Ngemuva kwe-kudu kunemigqa emhlophe emile eyisithupha kuya kwelishumi. Umsila umnyama ngombala ongekho mhlophe. Abesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, banezintshebe ezimhlophe.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Izinyamazane ze-Kudu ziyizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezihlobo zazo. Eyesilisa ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 lapho ibuna bese isisindo sayo singaphezu kwama-250 kg. Yize usayizi omkhulu kangako, lawa ma-artiodactyl anesakhiwo somzimba esikhanyayo nesinomusa, ngenxa yokuthi adume ngekhono lawo elikhulu emkhakheni wokugxuma nokugijima. Ngisho nezinyamazane ezisindayo kakhulu zeKudu, ngenkathi zibaleka, zingagxuma ngaphezu kocingo lwemitha elilodwa nohhafu lwepulazi nezinye izithiyo ezisendleleni yalo.
Izimpondo zenkunzi ekhulile ye-kudu zivame ukugoba kabili nohhafu. Uma uqondisa ngokwezibalo futhi uzikala, khona-ke ubude bungafinyelela kalula ngamasentimitha ayi-120. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala abantu abanezinwele ezintathu ezigcwele, ubude bazo obusesimeni esimi bungafinyelela amasentimitha angu-187.64.
Izimpondo aziqali ukukhula kuze kube yilapho owesilisa esenezinyanga eziyi-6-12 ubudala. I-curl yokuqala isontekile ineminyaka emibili, futhi kuze kube yiminyaka eyisithupha kwakhiwa okufanayo nengxenye efanayo. Izimpondo ze-Kudu antelope kudala zisebenza njengomhlobiso nensimbi yomculo emiphakathini eyahlukahlukene yendabuko yase-Afrika. Lesi sakamuva sifaka i-shofar, uphondo lwenkambiso yamaJuda olushaywe eRosh Hashanah. Isilwane sizisebenzisa njengesikhali sokuzivikela noma isici sobuhle enqubeni yokuheha umbhangqwana ongaba khona.
I-Kudu yizinhlwathi ezinhle kakhulu. Izifinyila zazo zihlisiwe, phakathi kwamehlo abo amnyama kukhona umugqa omhlophe. Izindlebe zinkulu, zimiswe phezulu, zimile okweqanda ngamathiphu acijile. Kunebala elimhlophe ngaphansi kwekhala, kwabesilisa abaphenduka intshebe.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Abesifazane bahlala emihlambini emincane, imvamisa enabantu abayi-1-3 kanye nenzalo yabo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, inani labantu bomhlambi owodwa lifinyelela kubantu abangama-25-30. Akunasikhundla esisobala esisezingeni eliphezulu kula maqembu. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqembu abesifazane ayahlangana abe makhulu, kepha angokwesikhashana.
Abesilisa bahlala ngokuhlukana nabesifazane, emihlambini yama-bachelor. Inani labantu kulawo maqembu lisukela emakhanda angu-2-10. Akukacaci noma kunesikhundla esisezingeni elisezingeni eliphakeme emhlambini wezinkomo. Abesilisa bemihlambi ye-bachelor abahambelani, kodwa ububanzi bendoda eyodwa bungagudla amabanga amabili noma amathathu emihlambi yezinsikazi.
Abesilisa nabesifazane abanabo ubudlelwano bomshado impilo yonke futhi basondelene kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala, okwenzeka eNingizimu Afrika ngo-Ephreli noMeyi.
Ama-kudu amakhulu awazona izilwane ezinolaka kakhulu; akhombisa ubutha ikakhulukazi ekuthunjweni. Endle, abesilisa kuphela abangaqhudelana bodwa ngenqubo yokuhlukanisa abesifazane ngokukhwelana.
Mangaki ama-kudu ahlala
I-Kudu antelope endaweni yemvelo ingaphila kusuka eminyakeni eyi-7 kuye kweyi-11. Ezimweni zokuzenzela, ezikahle, izilwane ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amabili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
I-kudu enkulu (lat. Tragelaphus strepsiceros) iyinhlwathi enhle, eyeduna yayo ehlukaniswa kalula kowesifazane ngezimpondo ezimangazayo, ezisontekile, ezisontekile, ezifinyelela ebangeni eliyimitha elilodwa nengxenye. Kukhona futhi imivimbo emi mpo eyisithupha kuya kweyishumi emi mpo engubeni yejazi le-kudu. Umbala womzimba ungaba nsundu ngokuphuzi noma ube mpunga nsundu, uboya bawo buyindlela emnyama emnyama.
Insikazi ye-kudu enkulu incane kuneduna futhi ayinazo izimpondo ezihlaba umxhwele. Futhi, le ntokazi enenselo ehlukaniswe umbala wejazi. Izinsikazi zihlala zikhanya ngombala, zibukeka njengabantu abasha abangakazitholi izimpondo. Lo mbala wejazi usiza i-kudu engavuthiwe kanye nezinsikazi ukuba zizifihle kahle ngokwengeziwe lapho zivela ezimileni zase-Afrika. Ububanzi besithunzi busuka kumpunga onesihlabathi ophuzi kuya konsundu ngokubomvu, ngasemuva lapho imivimbo emincane emzimbeni ibonakala kakhulu.
Bobabili abesilisa banenqwaba yezinwele ezihamba maphakathi nomhlane futhi zakhe uhlobo lwemane. Futhi, kubo bobubili ubulili, kunomugqa omhlophe ocacile ogijima ebusweni phakathi kwamehlo. Izindlebe ezinkulu, eziyindilinga ze-kudu enkulu zinikeza isilwane ukubukeka okuhlekisayo.
Ama-subspecies amakhulu we-Kudu
Igama elijwayelekile leKudu livela olimini lwendabuko lwesiKoikoy olusetshenziswa eningizimu ye-Afrika. Igama lesayensi livela esiGrekini: Tragos, okusho ukuthi imbuzi ne-elaphus - inyamazane; I-Strephis isho ukusonteka kanti uKeras kusho uphondo.
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwenyamazane ye-kudu scorchorn antelope imelwe ngabamele ababili - i-kudu enkulu neyincane. Isisindo somuntu wesilisa esikhulu se-kudu sifinyelela kuma-300 kilograms, esincane asidluli ama-90 kilograms. Okukhulu - kusatshalaliswa endaweni kusuka enkabeni kuye eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Afrika. Abancane bahlala endaweni yaseMpumalanga Afrika. Zingatholakala nasenhlonhlweni ye-Arabia.
I-kudu enkulu yona, yakha ezinye izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziphansi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona T. strepsiceros strepsiceros, T. strepsiceros chora, T. strepsiceros bea, T. i-strepsiceros burlacei ne-T. strepsiceros zambesiensis.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kwe-kudu enkulu buqala kusukela ezintabeni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChad kuya eSudan nase-Ethiopia, kanye nakuzo zonke izifunda ezomile zaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika. ENingizimu Afrika, inyamazane eshisiwe itholakala ikakhulu enyakatho nasempumalanga, kanye nasemaqenjini angawodwa abantu besifundazwe saseKapa.
IGreater Kudu ihlala endaweni eyi-savanna, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamagquma, ezimangelengele, kanye nasemahlathini asemifuleni. Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukugwema i-steppe evulekile nehlathi.
Kuvame kakhulu eningizimu ye-Afrika, kepha titfombe letincane tetinsika letintsatfu letehlukene tiyatfolakala eMphumalanga ye-Afrika, Luphondo lwe-Afrika naseNingizimu Sahara. Indawo abahlala kuyona yiSavannah enamapulangwe amancane kanye nezindawo ezinamadwala nezihlahla, lapho zivame ukucasha ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezibandakanya ingonyama, ingwe, impisi nenja yasendle.
Ukudla kwe-Kudu antelope
I-kudu enkulu izidla izilwane ezidla imifino. Isikhathi sokondla nokunisela sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesikhathi esimnyama santambama noma sangaphambi kosuku. Ukudla kwabo kunezinhlobonhlobo zamaqabunga, amakhambi, izithelo, imivini, izimbali, nezinye izitshalo ezinobuthi ezinye izilwane ezingazidli. Ukwakheka kokudla kuyashintsha kuye ngesizini nendawo okuhlala kuyo. Bangakwazi ukunqoba inkathi eyomile, kepha ngeke bakwazi ukuphila esifundeni esingenamanzi.
Imilenze emide nentamo ye-kudu kuyivumela ukuthi ifinyelele ekudleni okutholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngokwalesi sikhombisi, indlulamithi kuphela edlula kuye.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, izintambo zabesilisa abavuthiwe ziyavuvukala. Lokhu ukukhombisa imisipha eqhumayo. Owesilisa, ophishekela ukwenziwa komkhosi okhethekile, usondela ezinhlangothini zabesifazane, walungisa amehlo akhe ohlangothini olubhekene nentokazi engaba namandla. Uma ukuqomisana kowesilisa kungahambisani nalokho akuthandayo, insikazi imshaya ohlangothini. Uma bekwenzile lokho, ubaleka ngokweqa, asuse ukujaha.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amacala okuhlukunyezwa phakathi kwabesilisa ajwayelekile.
Lapho abanumzane abaphikisanayo behlangana endaweni efanayo, umuntu uthatha indawo ekhulisa umphumela wokuphakama kwakhe okuphelele kunomphikisi. Umi eceleni, ugoba umhlane wakhe phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ucindezele ikhanda lakhe phansi. Omunye uqala ukuhambahamba. Umbambiqhaza wokuqala kule mpi uyajika, kuya ngokunyakaza komphikisi, ukuze afake uhlangothi lwakhe kuye. Lezi zigemegeme zesiko kwesinye isikhathi ziyadlulela ezimpini ezinolaka, kepha hhayi njalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokulwa okuqondile, bobabili bayaphenduka, bafaka izimpondo esikhundleni sokushaya.
Impi yenzeka ngokuhlaselwa ngezimpondo. Ekulweni, abaphikisi bavame ukulungiswa omunye komunye, kwesinye isikhathi bayasondelana ukuze bawele ogibeni. Bengakwazi ukuphuma enqabeni eqinile, bobabili abesilisa bavame ukufa.
I-kudu enkulu ithanda ukuzalaniswa ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka eningizimu ye-Afrika. E-equator, zidla ngesikhathi semvula, esiqala ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJuni, futhi zikhwelana ekugcineni noma ngemuva kokuphela kwezimvula. Uma insikazi inokudla kwezitshalo okwanele, izokwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo njalo eminyakeni emibili. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abaningi abafinyeleli ekuvuthweni baze babe neminyaka emithathu ubudala. Abesilisa bavuthwa eminyakeni emihlanu.
Isikhathi sokumitha se-kudu enkulu sisukela ezinyangeni eziyi-7 kuye kwezi-8.7, kanti izingane zizalwa lapho utshani buphakeme ngangokunokwenzeka. Amathole ahlala efihliwe ekuhloleni amehlo amanye amasonto amabili, emva kwalokho lawo, asenamandla anele, angangeniswa emhlambini. Ukuncelisa izingane konina zinezinyanga eziyisithupha. Amathole wesilisa ahlala emhlambini womama kusuka eminyakeni engu-1 kuye kwengu-2, kanti abesifazane - bade, kuze kufike isikhathi sokuphila konke.
Amanani okuzala e-kudu mancane, imvamisa inkonyane elilodwa kuphela elizalwa kudoti.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-kudu amakhulu ayizisulu zezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane e-Afrika, kufaka phakathi amabhubesi, izingwe, izinja zasendle kanye nezimpisi ezinamabala. I-artiodactyl, lapho ibhekene nengozi engaba khona, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iyabaleka. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, i-kudu yenza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo ngomsila wayo. Futhi, ngesikhathi sobungozi, inyamazane enezimpondo iba yiqhwa isikhashana inganyakazi futhi ihambe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngezindlebe zayo, ngemuva kwalokho ikhiphe isignali esikhulu sokubhonga ukuxwayisa ngengozi yezihlobo zayo bese ibaleka. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, iyi-jumper eshesha ngendlela emangalisayo futhi enekhono. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpondo ezinamagatsha aziphazamisi neze ezeduna. Ngenkathi sigxuma ezihlahleni ezinameva, lesi silwane siphakamisa isilevu saso ukuze izimpondo zicindezelwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka emzimbeni. Esimweni esinjalo somzimba, uyakwazi ukungabambeleli emagatsheni.
Futhi, njengakwezinye izikhathi, ingozi esilwaneni ingumuntu uqobo. Futhi, isimo sokulwa ne-kudu siqiniswa iqiniso lokuthi la ma-artiodactyl awaphikisi ekudleni izitshalo ezivela ezindaweni zezolimo zasendaweni. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-kudu elimele ibithathwa njengendebe enkulu ekubanjweni kwanoma yimuphi umzingeli. Into edliwayo kwakuyinyama yesilwane, isikhumba nezimpondo ezibaluleke kakhulu - isihloko sokuzingelwa kwabaqoqi. Abantu bendawo bayazisebenzisa kumasiko, ukugcina uju, kanye nokwenza amadivayisi nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezomculo. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kungenye ingozi kubantu baseKudu. Ukuqwashisa nokuhamba ngendlela efanele kungokhiye ekulondolozeni lolu hlobo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
IGreater Kudu ihlukaniswa njengoKukhathazeka Okuncane kuLuhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Ukuthandwa kwayo kusesephakeme impela kwezinye izingxenye zeNingizimu neNingizimu ne-Afrika eseNingizimu. Kepha ukuhlangana nalesi silwane eMpumalanga ye-Afrika kubhekwa njengomcimbi oqhubeka ngokungajwayelekile. Lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengezisengozini eSomalia nase-Uganda futhi zisengozini eChad naseKenya.
Ngaphezu kokuqothulwa kwezitha zemvelo nabazingeli, ukuhlasela kwabantu nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo kuyingozi enkulu kwi-antelope.
Abantu baseBig Kudu nabo bathambekele ekuqubukeni kwezifo ezifana ne-anthrax namarabi. Ngenhlanhla, ukululama ekuguleni kukhulu kunokufa. IGreater kudu imelwe kabanzi eziqiwini zikazwelonke naseziqiwini ezinjengeSelous Game Reserve eTanzania, iKruger National Park kanye neBavianskloof Protified Area eNingizimu Afrika. Le ndawo yokugcina iyingxenye yendawo ebalulekile yamaGugu Omhlaba, iCape Flower Kingdom.
