Ufudu oluseMpumalanga Ekude, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-Chinese Trionix (Pelodiscus sinensis), lungolwesigaba sezinhlayiya zamanzi angenasawoti futhi luyilungu lomndeni wezimfudu ezinamacala amathathu. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sisakazeke kakhulu e-Asia futhi siwufudu oludume kakhulu kunawo wonke. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, isilwane esinjalo siyadliwa, futhi siyinto ethandwayo yokuzalanisa izimboni.
Incazelo yofudu oluseMpumalanga Ekude
Ufudu olunemizimba edume kunazo zonke namuhla lunamabhangqa ayisishiyagalombili amapuleti ezimbambo zamathambo ku-carapace... Amathambo e-carapace ahlukaniswa ngesibhobo esincane kanye nesithombe esibaziwe esibonakala kahle. Ubukhona bezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zokuqina kwe-plastron kuphawuliwe, okutholakala kuma-hypo- kanye nama-hyoplastron, ama-xyphiplastrons, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuma-epiplastron.
Ukubukeka
Ubude be-carapace ye-Far East, ngokuvamile, abudluli ikota yemitha, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ama-specimens anobude begobolondo obufinyelela ku-35-40 cm.Isisindo esiphezulu sefudu omdala sifinyelela ku-4.4-4.5 kg. I-carapace imbozwe isikhumba esithambile ngaphandle kwezihlangu ze-horny. Iyindilinga ngokuma, i-carapace, ekhumbuza ipani lokubukeka ngokubukeka, inemiphetho ethambile ngokwanele esiza ufudu ukuthi luzingcwabele odakeni. Kubantu abasha, igobolondo cishe liyindilinga, kuyilapho kubantu abadala liba side futhi licabalele. Izimfudu ezisencane zinemigqa yesikhathi eside yama-tubercles ayingqayizivele ku-carapace, ahlangana kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yimiphetho lapho ikhula, kepha kubantu abadala lokho kukhula kuyanyamalala.
Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwe-carapace lubonakala ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ombala oluhlaza okotshani, lapho kutholakala khona amabala amancane aphuzi. I-plastron iphuzi ngokukhanyayo noma imhlophe ngokubomvana. Ama-Trionixes amancane ahlukaniswa ngombala okhanyayo we-orange, lapho kuhlala khona amabala amnyama. Inhloko, intamo kanye nezitho zomzimba kubuye kube mpunga oluhlaza okotshani noma umbala onsundu ngokugqamile ngombala. Kunezindawo ezincane ezimnyama nezikhanyayo ekhanda, futhi ulayini omnyama futhi omncane usuka endaweni yamehlo, ubheke emuva.
Kuyathakazelisa! Muva nje, eduze kwedolobha laseTainan, ufudu wabanjwa enesisindo esiphilayo esingaphezudlwana kuka-11 kg nobude begobolondo obungu-46 cm, okwakhethwa echibini lepulazi lezinhlanzi.
Kunezinzwani ezinhlanu emilenzeni yofudu, kanti ezintathu zazo zigcina ngozipho olubukhali. Lesi silwanyana esihuquzelayo sibonakala ngeminwe yethu, ifakwe ulwelwesi olwenziwe kahle kakhulu futhi olubonakalayo. Ufudu lwaseMpumalanga Ekude lunentamo ende, imihlathi eqinile kakhulu enqenqemeni lokusika elibukhali. Amaphethelo omphetho emihlathini yofudu ambozwe iziqu eziminyene nezinesikhumba - okuthiwa "izindebe". Ukuphela kwesifonyo kuqhubeka kube yithambo elithambile nelide, ekugcineni kwamakhala alo.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Izimfudu zaseMpumalanga Ekude, noma i-Chinese Trionix, zihlala ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-biotopes, kusukela endaweni esenyakatho ye-taiga kuya ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba nakumahlathi ashisayo asengxenyeni eseningizimu yalolu hlu. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sikwazi ukuphakama size sifinyelele ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,6-1.7 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ufudu lwaseMpumalanga Ekude luhlala emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile, ngaphandle kwemifula emikhulu namancane namachibi, izinkabi, futhi kwenzeka nasemasimini elayisi. Isilwane sithanda kakhulu imizimba yamanzi efudumele enaphansi enesihlabathi noma enodaka, lapho kukhona khona uhlaza lwamanzi oluncane namabhange amnene.
Ama-Chinese Trionixes agwema imifula enemisinga enamandla kakhulu... Isilwane esihuquzelayo sisebenza kakhulu lapho kuqala ukuhwalala nasebusuku. Esimweni sezulu esihle emini, abamele abomndeni wezimfudu iTricot bavame ukuhlala isikhathi eside ogwini, kepha abahambeli ngaphezu kwamamitha ambalwa ukusuka emaphethelweni amanzi. Uma kushisa kakhulu, zigobhozela esihlabathini esimanzi noma zingene emanzini ngokushesha. Esibonakalisweni sokuqala sengozi, lesi silwanyane siyacasha ngaso leso sikhathi emanzini, lapho sizifihla khona odakeni olungezansi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimfudu ziyakwazi ukubhasikidi ngokuziyela emanzini angajulile eduze komphetho wamanzi. Uma kunesidingo, izimfudu ziya ekujuleni okwanele, zishiya izimbobo zezimpawu ogwini, ezibizwa ngokuthi "amabhayi".
Izimfudu zaseMpumalanga Ekude zichitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sazo emanzini. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyabhukuda futhi zicwile kahle kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlala zijule ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Eminye i-oxygen Trionix itholakala ngqo emanzini ngokusebenzisa ukuphefumula okubizwa ngokuthi yi-pharyngeal breathing. Ngaphakathi komphimbo wofudu kukhona ama-papillae, amelwe yizinqwaba zamaphuphu amancanyana amafinyila, angene ngenqwaba yama-capillary. Kulezi zindawo, umoya-mpilo umuncwa emanzini.
Ngenkathi ingaphansi kwamanzi, ufudu luvula umlomo walo, oluvumela amanzi ukuba ageze phezu kwe-villi ngaphakathi kwepharynx. I-Papillae nayo isetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-urea. Uma kunamanzi esezingeni eliphezulu echibini, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zokudilika emanzini akuvamile ukuvula imilomo yazo. Ufudu oluseMpumalanga Ekude lukwazi ukwelulela kude intamo yalo ende, ngenxa yokuthi umoya udonswa ngamakhala ekhaleni elithambile nelithambile. Lesi sici sisiza isilwane ukuthi sihlale singabonakali ezilwaneni ezizidlayo. Emhlabathini ufudu luhamba kahle, futhi ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezincane zeTrionix zihamba ngokushesha.
Ngesikhathi esomile, amadamu amancane ahlala izimfudu ayajula kakhulu, futhi nokungcola kwamanzi nakho kuyenzeka. Noma kunjalo, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo asishiyi indawo yaso evamile. Ama-Trionics athunjiwe aziphatha ngodlame kakhulu futhi azama ukuluma kabuhlungu kakhulu. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu bavame ukulimaza amanxeba abucayi ngemiphetho ebukhali yemihlathi. Izimfudu zaseMpumalanga Ekude zilala phansi echibini, zingacasha ezihlahleni zomhlanga eduze nogu noma zigobhozele odakeni olungezansi. Isikhathi sasebusika siqala maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya kuMeyi noma ngoJuni.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani uTrionix
Isikhathi sokuphila se-Chinese Trionix ekuthunjweni cishe ikota yekhulu leminyaka. Ngokwemvelo, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjalo zivame ukuhlala ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ubulili bofudu basemhlabeni bunganqunywa ngokuzimela ngokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kubantu abaseminyakeni emibili yokuvuthwa ngokocansi. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakala ngezimpawu ezithile zangaphandle. Isibonelo, abesilisa banamazipho aqinile, ajiyile, futhi made kunabesifazane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa uneplastron elincane futhi unezikhumba ezivelele emathangeni abizwa nge- "femoral spurs". Lapho uhlola ingxenye engemuva yegobolondo lofudu oluseMpumalanga Ekude, kunomehluko othile ongabonakala. Kwabesilisa, umsila wayo umbozwe ngokuphelele ngegobolondo, kanti kwabesifazane, ingxenye yomsila ibonakala kahle ngaphansi kwegobolondo. Futhi, owesifazane osekhulile unesisu esicwebezelayo ngokuphelele noma esincane.
Izinhlobo ze-Chinese Trionix
Ngaphambilini, i-Chinese Trionyx kwakungekahlobo lwe-Trionyx, futhi kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-subspecies ezahlukaniswa kulolu hlobo:
- Tr. i-sinensis sinensis i-subspecies yokuqokwa eye yasakazeka engxenyeni ebalulekile yobubanzi;
- Tr. I-sinensis tuberculatus i-subspecies elinganiselwe etholakala eCentral China kanye namathambo oLwandle lwaseNingizimu China.
Kuze kube manje, ama-subspecies we-Far Eastern Far awahlukaniswa. Abantu abahlukanisiwe bezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezivela eChina baye batholwa ngabaphenyi abathile futhi kwabhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni ezizimele ngokuphelele:
- Pelodiscus axenaria;
- I-Pelodiscus parviformis.
Ngokombono wentela, isimo salawa mafomu asicaci ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, i-Pelodiscus axenaria ingaba ingane P. sinensis. Hizimfudu ezihlala eRussia, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina naseKorea kwesinye isikhathi zibhekwa njengezindlela ezizimele zeP. maackii.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-trionics amaShayina asakazeke kulo lonke elase-Asia, kufaka phakathi i-East China, iVietnam neKorea, iJapane neziqhingi zaseHainan naseTaiwan. Ezweni lethu, izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuze kube manje, abamele izinhlobo zoFudu baseMpumalanga Ekude sebethuliwe endaweni eseningizimu yeJapane, iziqhingi zase-Ogasawara neTimor, Thailand, Singapore naseMalaysia, iziQhingi zaseHawaii naseMariana.
Izimfudu ezinjalo zihlala emanzini emifula i-Amur ne-Ussuri, kanye nemifula yazo emikhulu kanye neLake Khanka.
Ukudla kofudu lwaseMpumalanga Ekude
Ufudu lwaseMpumalanga Ekude luyisilwane esidla ezinye. Lesi silwane esidla izinambuzane sondla izinhlanzi, kanye nama-amphibian nama-crustaceans, ezinye izinambuzane, izikelemu nama-molluscs. Abamele umndeni Izimfudu ezinemigqa emithathu nohlobo lohlobo lwezimfudu zaseMpumalanga zikulindele ukudliwa kwazo, zizimbela isihlabathi noma udaka. Ukubamba isisulu esisondelayo, amaShayina amaTroniki asebenzisa ukunyakaza okusheshayo kwekhanda elilengisiwe.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wokudla kwesirhubuluzi ungabonakala kusihlwa, kanye nasebusuku. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho izimfudu zingekho ekuqamekeleni kwazo, kodwa zingazingela ngenkuthalo, ngokuzikhandla nangokuhlola ngokucophelela insimu yendawo yazo yonke yokuzingela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengoba ukubonwa okuningi kukhombisa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, uTronixix uyisiminzi ngokumangalisayo. Isibonelo, ekuthunjweni, ufudu olunobude begobolondo obungu-18-20 cm ngasikhathi lungadla izinhlanzi ezintathu noma ezine ubude obungu-10-12 cm.
Futhi, ukudla kufunwa ngenkuthalo yizilwane ezindala ngqo ezansi echibini. Inhlanzi ebanjwa yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ivame ukuba nkulu kakhulu ngosayizi, kanti iTrionix izama ukugwinya inyamazane enjalo, iqale ilume ikhanda layo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izimfudu zaseMpumalanga Ekude zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi cishe ngonyaka wesithupha wokuphila kwazo. Ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zebanga, ukukhwelana kungenzeka kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJuni. Lapho zikhwelana, ezeduna zibamba ezinsikazi ngemihlathi yazo ngentamo yesikhumba noma ngezidladla zangaphambili. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngqo ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyishumi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50-65, futhi i-oviposition isuka ngoMeyi iye ku-Agasti.
Ngokubeka amaqanda, abesifazane bakhetha izindawo ezomile ezinenhlabathi evuthayo eduze kwamanzi. Imvamisa, ukubekwa kuyenzeka okhalweni lwesihlabathi, akuvamile ematsheni. Ifuna indawo elula yokwakha izidleke, ufudu lungasuka emanzini. Emhlabathini, isirhubuluzi esinemilenze yangemuva ngokushesha sikhipha imbobo ekhethekile yokwakha izidleke, okujula kwayo kungafinyelela ku-15-20 cm ngobubanzi bengxenye engezansi ka-8-10 cm.
Amaqanda afakwa emgodini futhi embozwe inhlabathi... Izinduku zofudu ezisanda kubekwa zivame ukutholakala ezingxenyeni eziphakeme kakhulu zamathe asogwini, okuvimbela inzalo ukuthi igezwe yizikhukhula zasehlobo zemvula. Izindawo ezinamaqhuqhuva zingatholakala kwizimbobo zofudu noma umzila wabesifazane. Ngenkathi eyodwa yokuzala, insikazi yenza imvuthu emibili noma emithathu, kanti inani lamaqanda liyizingcezu eziyi-18-75. Usayizi bamba ngqo kuya ngosayizi insikazi. Amaqanda ayindilinga amhlophe ngombala we-beige, kepha angaba ophuzi, abe yi-18-20 mm ububanzi futhi abe nesisindo esifinyelela ku-4-5 g.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha inyanga eyodwa nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili, kepha lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-32-33 ° C, isikhathi sokuthuthuka sehliselwa enyangeni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezimfudu, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningi ezinemigqa emithathu zibonakala ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kokuzimisela kwezocansi okuncike emazingeni okushisa.
Awekho futhi ama-chromosomes ocansi heteromorphic. Ngo-Agasti noma ngoSepthemba, izimfudu ezincane zivela kakhulu emaqandeni, zigijimela emanzini ngokushesha... Ibanga elingamamitha angamashumi amabili limbozwa ngemizuzu engama-40-45, ngemuva kwalokho izimfudu zishona phansi ezansi noma zicashe ngaphansi kwamatshe.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zofudu oluseMpumalanga Ekude ziyizinyoni ezahlukahlukene ezidlayo, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezigebha izidleke zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. EMpumalanga Ekude, lokhu kufaka phakathi amagwababa amnyama namakhadi amakhulu, izimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon, izimbila nezingulube zasendle. Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, izilwane ezidla ezinye zingabhubhisa kufinyelela ku-100% wezikhukhula zofudu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Engxenyeni ebalulekile yobubanzi bayo, ufudu lwaseMpumalanga Ekude luyizinhlobo ezijwayelekile, kepha eRussia luyisilwane esihuquzelayo - uhlobo olungajwayelekile, inani laso eliphela ngokushesha. Phakathi kokunye, ukuzingelwa kwabantu abadala ngokuzingela nokuqoqwa kwamaqanda ukuze kusetshenziswe kunomthelela ekwehleni kwesibalo. Ukulimala okukhulu kakhulu kudalwa yizikhukhula zasehlobo nokuzala okuhamba kancane. Ufudu lwaseMpumalanga Ekude njengamanje lubhalwe kuRed Book, kanti ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo kudinga ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezivikelwe kanye nokuvikelwa kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke.
