Amahlosi amhlophe ikakhulukazi amahlosi aseBengal anokuguquka kokuzalwa komzimba ngakho-ke okwamanje awabhekwa njengama-subspecies ahlukile. Ukuguquka kohlobo oluyingqayizivele kubangela ukuthi isilwane sibe mhlophe ngokuphelele ngombala, kanti abantu babonakala ngamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza kanye nemivimbo emnyama nsundu ngokubhekisele ngasemuva koboya obumhlophe.
Incazelo yengwe emhlophe
Okwamanje abantu abakhona abanombala omhlophe abavamile kakhulu phakathi kwanoma ibaphi abamele izilwane zasendle.... Ngokwesilinganiso, imvamisa yokubonakala emvelweni wamahlosi amhlophe umuntu oyedwa kuphela kubo bonke abamele izinkulungwane eziyishumi zezinhlobo, ezinombala ojwayelekile obizwa ngokujwayelekile wendabuko. Amahlosi amhlophe abikwe amashumi amaningi eminyaka evela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, kusuka e-Assam naseBangal, kanye naseBihar nasezindaweni zomphathi wangaphambili waseRewa.
Ukubukeka
Isilwane esidla inyama sinoboya obuminyene obuminyene ngemivimbo. Umbala onjalo ophakanyisiwe futhi ongavamile uzuzwe njengefa lesilwane ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwesakhi sofuzo ngombala. Amehlo engwe emhlophe anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikakhulu, kepha kukhona abantu ngokwemvelo abanikezwe ngamehlo aluhlaza okotshani. Isilwane sasendle esiguquguqukayo, esinomusa, esinemisipha kahle esinomthethosisekelo ominyene, kodwa ubukhulu baso, njengomthetho, sincane ngokuphawulekayo kunaleso sehlosi laseBengal elinombala obomvu wendabuko.
Ikhanda lehlosi elimhlophe linomumo oyindilinga ocacisiwe, wehlukile engxenyeni engaphambili ephumayo kanye nokuba khona kwendawo engaphambili eyi-convex. Ukhakhayi lwesilwane esidlayo lukhulu kakhulu futhi lukhulu, lunama-cheekbones abanzi kakhulu futhi ahlukaniswe ngezici. I-Tiger vibrissae efinyelela ku-15.0-16.5 cm ubude obukhulu obukhulu obufinyelela kumamilimitha owodwa nohhafu. Anemibala emhlophe futhi ahlelwe ngemigqa emine noma emihlanu. Umuntu omdala unamazinyo aqinile angama-dazini amathathu, lapho i-canines ibukeka ithuthuke ngokukhethekile, efinyelela kubude obumaphakathi obungu-75-80 mm.
Abamele bohlobo lokuzalwa kokuzalwa abanazo izindlebe ezinkulu kakhulu ezinesimo esijwayelekile esiyindilinga, futhi ubukhona bezinhlamvu ezikhethekile olimini kuvumela umhlaseli ukuthi ahlukanise kalula futhi ngokushesha inyama yenyama yakhe emathanjeni, futhi kusiza nokugeza. Emilenzeni yangemuva yesilwane esidlayo kuneminwe emine, kanti emilenzeni yangaphambili kuneminwe emihlanu enezinzipho ezihlehlekayo. Isisindo esimaphakathi sengwe emhlophe esikhulile cishe singamakhilogremu angama-450-500 ngobude bomzimba womuntu omdala ngamamitha amathathu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amahlosi amhlophe ngokwemvelo awanempilo enhle - abantu abanjalo bavame ukuhlushwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene zezinso nohlelo lokukhipha izinto, i-strabismus nokungaboni kahle, intamo egobile nomgogodla, kanye nokungezwani komzimba.
Phakathi kwamahlosi amhlophe asendle akhona njengamanje, kukhona nama-albino avame kakhulu, anoboya obunemonochromatic ngaphandle kokuba khona kwemivimbo emnyama yendabuko. Emzimbeni walabo bantu, i-coloring pigment cishe ayikho ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, amehlo esilwane esidlayo ahlukaniswa ngombala obomvu ocacile, ochazwa yimithambo yegazi ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ezimweni zemvelo, amahlosi ayizilwane ezinesizungu ezizingelayo ezinomona kakhulu ngendawo yazo futhi ziyimake ngenkuthalo, zisebenzisa le nhloso kaningi zonke izinhlobo zezindawo eziqondile.
Abesifazane bavame ukuphambuka kulo mthetho, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukwabelana ngendawo yabo nezinye izihlobo. Amahlosi amhlophe angababhukudi abahle kakhulu futhi, uma kunesidingo, angakhuphuka ezihlahleni, kepha umbala ogqame kakhulu wenza abantu abanjalo babe sengozini enkulu kubazingeli, ngakho-ke imvamisa abameleli abanombala woboya ongajwayelekile baba izakhamuzi zamapaki ezilwane.
Ubukhulu bendawo ehlala ihlosi elimhlophe buxhomeke ngqo ezintweni eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, kufaka phakathi izici zendawo yokuhlala, ubukhulu bokuhlaliswa kwamasayithi ngabanye abantu, kanye nokuba khona kwabesifazane kanye nenani lezisulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-tigress eyodwa endala ihlala endaweni elingana namamitha-skwele angamashumi amabili, futhi indawo yowesilisa icishe iphindwe kathathu kuye kahlanu. Esikhathini esiningi, phakathi nosuku, umuntu omdala uhamba ngezinyawo kusuka kumakhilomitha ayi-7 kuye kwangama-40, evuselela ngezikhathi ezithile amamaki emingceleni yendawo yakhe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amahlosi amhlophe yizilwane ezingewona ama-albino, futhi umbala oyingqayizivele wejazi kungenxa yezakhi zofuzo eziguquguqukayo kuphela.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi amahlosi aseBengal akuwona kuphela abamele izilwane zasendle phakathi kwazo okukhona ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okungajwayelekile. Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho kuzalwa amahlosi amhlophe ama-Amur anemigqa emnyama, kepha izimo ezinjalo zenzeke kakhulu kuyaqabukela eminyakeni yamuva.... Ngakho-ke, inani lanamuhla lezilwane ezinhle ezidlayo, ezibonakala ngoboya obumhlophe, limelelwa yiBengal kanye nabantu abajwayelekile be-Bengal-Amur.
Ahlala kanjani amahlosi amhlophe
Emvelweni wemvelo, abamhlophe abavamile ukusinda futhi babe nesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuphila, ngoba, ngenxa yombala okhanyayo woboya, kunzima ukuthi izilwane ezizingelayo zizingele futhi kunzima ukuzondla. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, abesifazane bathwala futhi bazala kuphela amawundlu ayishumi kuya kwangamashumi amabili, kepha cishe ingxenye yabo ifa besebancane. Isikhathi sokuphila sehlosi elimhlophe siyikota yekhulu leminyaka.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ingwe yensikazi yaseBengal ifinyelela ebusheni ngeminyaka emithathu noma emine, kuthi owesilisa avuthwe ngokocansi eminyakeni emine noma emihlanu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-dimorphism yezocansi embala woboya besilwane esidla inyama ayivezwanga. Ukuhlelwa kwemivimbo kuphela eboyeni bomuntu ngamunye okuhlukile, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhonjwa.
Indawo yokuhlala
Amahlosi amhlophe amaBengal angabamele izilwane eNyakatho naseCentral India, eBurma, eBangladesh naseNepal. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kunombono oyiphutha wokuthi ama-tiger amhlophe yizilwane ezidla ezinye ezivela ezikhungweni zaseSiberia, futhi umbala wazo ongavamile umane nje uyimpumelelo yokufihla isilwane ezimweni zobusika obuneqhwa.
Ukudla kwamahlosi amhlophe
Kanye nezinye izidalwa ezihlala endaweni yemvelo, wonke amahlosi amhlophe ancamela ukudla inyama. Ehlobo, amahlosi amadala angadla ama-hazelnut namakhambi adliwayo ukuze agcwaliswe. Ukubheka kukhombisa ukuthi amahlosi angamaduna ahluke ngokuphawulekayo ezinsikazi ngokuthanda kwawo ukunambitheka. Imvamisa abavumi ukwamukela izinhlanzi, kanti abesifazane, kunalokho, bavame ukudla abamele abanjalo basemanzini.
Amahlosi amhlophe eza inyamazane yawo ngezinyathelo ezincane noma ngemilenze egobile, ezama ukunyakaza enganakile kakhulu. Umzingeli angazingela kokubili ngesikhathi sasemini nasebusuku. Enkambeni yokuzingela, amahlosi ayakwazi ukugxuma cishe ngamamitha amahlanu ukuphakama, futhi amboza ibanga elingafika kumamitha ayishumi ngobude.
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, amahlosi akhetha ukuzingela ama-ungulates, kufaka phakathi izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle kanye ne-sambar yaseNdiya. Kwesinye isikhathi umhlaseli udla ukudla okungajwayelekile ngendlela yama-hares, izinkawu nama-pheasants. Ukuzihlinzeka ngokudla okuphelele phakathi nonyaka, ihlosi lidla ama-ungulates asendle angaba mahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuze ihlosi elikhulukazi lizizwe lisuthi, kudingeka lidle cishe ama-kilogram angamashumi amathathu enyama ngesikhathi.
Ekuthunjweni, izilwane ezidlayo zondla kathathu ngesonto. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwesilwane esinjalo esinokubukeka okungajwayelekile kufaka inyama entsha nazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yenyama. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlosi linikezwa "izilwane" ngesimo sonogwaja noma izinkukhu. "Usuku lokuzila" lwendabuko luhlelwe izilwane njalo ngesonto, okwenza kube lula ngehlosi ukuzigcina "likulungele". Ngenxa yobukhona besendlalelo samafutha esithuthukiswe kahle, amahlosi angabulawa indlala isikhathi esithile.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukukhwelana kwamahlosi amhlophe kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kukaDisemba noJanuwari.... Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, yindoda eyodwa kuphela ehamba ngemuva kowesifazane ngamunye. Kuphela lapho kuvela imbangi phakathi kwabantu besilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi, lokho okuthiwa ukulwa noma ukulwela ilungelo lokuganana nowesifazane othile kwenzeka.
Ihlosi lesifazane elimhlophe liyakwazi ukukhulelwa phakathi nonyaka izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, futhi uma kungabikho ukukhwelana phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inqubo ye-estrus kufanele iphindwe emva kwesikhashana. Imvamisa, i-tigress emhlophe iletha inzalo yayo yokuqala kuphela ineminyaka emithathu noma emine, kepha insikazi ikulungele ukuzalwa kwamawundlu kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu. Ukuzala inzalo kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-97-112, futhi amawundlu azalwa ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli.
Njengomthetho, ku-tiger brood eyodwa, kuzalwa ama-cubs amabili kuya kwamane, isisindo sawo asikho ngaphezu kwe-1.3-1.5 kg. Amathole azalwa eyimpumputhe ngokuphelele, futhi abona eseneminyaka eyodwa isonto. Ngenyanga yokuqala nengxenye, amawundlu amahlosi amhlophe ondla ubisi lwabesifazane kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa abavunyelwe yi-tigress ezinganeni, ngoba umhlaseli omdala unamandla okuzibulala nokuzidla.
Kusukela cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala, amawundlu afunda ukulandela unina futhi azame ukuphuma emgodini kaningi. Ingwe yengwe ithola ukuzimela okugcwele kuphela lapho inonyaka owodwa nohhafu, kepha amawundlu ajwayele ukuhlala nonina ngisho aze afike eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu. Ngokutholwa kwenkululeko, abesifazane abancane bahlala besondelene nonina, kanti abesilisa asebekhulile bahlala ibanga elide, bezama ukuzitholela indawo yamahhala.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha ezithile zemvelo ezimweni zemvelo kumahlosi amhlophe, empeleni, azikho ngokuphelele... Izindlovu ezindala, obhejane noma izinyathi azikwazi ukuzingela ngamabomu amahlosi, ngakho-ke isilwane esidlayo singaba yisisulu sazo, kepha ngenxa yengozi engenangqondo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ingwe yokuqala emhlophe yatholakala emvelweni cishe ngonyaka we-1951, ngenkathi ihlosi lesilisa elimhlophe lisuswa endaweni eyodwa nomzingeli oyedwa, okwathi kamuva lasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukuveza inzalo ngombala ongajwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani eliphelele lamahlosi amhlophe selikhule ngokwengeziwe, kepha umuntu wokugcina owaziwa ezimweni zemvelo wadutshulwa emuva ngo-1958. Manje ekuthunjweni kunamahlosi amhlophe angaphezu kwekhulu, ingxenye yawo ebalulekile iseNdiya. Isilwane esidlayo sifakiwe eNcwadini Ebomvu.
