UPike uyinhlanzi edlayo yomndeni wakwaPike, isigaba senhlanzi esifakwe uRay ne-oda elifana nelePike. Lezi zinhlobo sezisabalele kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi angenasawoti emazweni amaningi.
Incazelo yepike
Ngenxa yezimpawu zazo ezithile, ama-pikes akwazi ukumelana kahle namanzi ane-asidi futhi azizwe ekhululekile kumadamu ane-pH ka-4.75. Ezimweni zokwehla okuphawulekayo kokuqukethwe yizinhlanzi zomoya-mpilo, ukuphefumula kuvinjelwe, ngakho-ke, ama-pikes ahlala emadamini afriziwe avame ukufa ebusika.
Ukubukeka
Pike omdala kufinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu ngobukhulu ebangeni lama-25-35 kg... Inhlanzi inomzimba omise okwe-torpedo, inhloko enkulu nomlomo obanzi. Umbala wabamele izinhlobo uhluka kakhulu, kuncike ngqo emvelweni, imvelo kanye nezinga lokuthuthuka kwezimila zasemanzini. I-pike ingaba nombala ompunga ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ompunga ophuzi futhi onsundu ngokugqamile ngesifunda esimnyama ngemuva kanye nokuba khona kwamabala amakhulu ansundu noma omnqumo kanye nemivimbo eguqukayo ezinhlangothini. Amaphiko angalinganisiwe anombala ophuzi noma onsundu ngombala futhi anezimpawu ezimnyama zesici. Amaphiko ahlanganisiwe anombala osawolintshi. Emanzini amanye amachibi, kukhona okuthiwa ama-pikes esiliva.
Kuyathakazelisa!Abesilisa nabesifazane bepike bahlukile ngesimo sokuvulwa kwe-urogenital. Kweduna, kubukeka njengesicucu esincanyana futhi esilinganayo, esidwetshiwe ngombala wesibeletho, kanti kwabesifazane kunokudangala okumise okweqanda kuzungezwe iroli elibomvana.
Isici esihlukile sepike ukubakhona komhlathi ophansi ophumile ekhanda elihlangene kakhulu. Amazinyo omhlathi ongezansi osayizi abehlukene asetshenziswa yizinhlanzi ukubamba inyamazane. Kwamanye amathambo asemgodini womlomo, amazinyo mancane ngosayizi, aqondiswe ngemikhawulo ebukhali kupharynx futhi acwile kulwelwesi lwamafinyila.
Ngenxa yalesi sici sesakhiwo samazinyo, inyamazane ebanjiwe idlula kalula futhi ngokushesha, futhi lapho izama ukubaleka, iyakhuphuka futhi ibanjwe ngokwethembeka ngamazinyo wepharyngeal. I-Pike ibonakala ngokushintshwa kwamazinyo emihlathini engezansi, enendawo engaphakathi embozwe izicubu ezithambile ezinemigqa yamazinyo angashintsha. Amazinyo anjalo ahlukaniswa ukunamathela kwawo emuva emazinyweni asebenzayo, ngenxa yokuthi kwakhiwa iqembu elilodwa noma okuthiwa "umndeni wamazinyo".
Uma amazinyo asebenzayo engasasebenzi, indawo yawo ithathwa yizisekelo zamazinyo okushintshwa aseduze omndeni owodwa. Ekuqaleni, amazinyo anjalo athambile futhi akazinzile, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izisekelo zawo zikhula ziqine ziye emathanjeni emihlathi futhi ziqine.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amazinyo ezinhlobo awashintshi ngasikhathi sinye. Ezimweni ezithile zemizimba yamanzi, ukuguqulwa kwamazinyo ku-pike kukhula kuphela ngokuqala kwenkathi ethile, lapho izinhlanzi ezidlayo ziyeka ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu kakhulu futhi esebenzayo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Kunoma imuphi umzimba wamanzi, ama-pikes akhetha amahlathi aminyene futhi akhule kahle kakhulu, amelwe uhlaza lwasemanzini. Njengomthetho, izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye zimane zime zinganyakazi isikhathi eside zilinde inyamazane yazo. Kuphela emva kokuba umhlaseli ebone inyamazane efanelekayo, kulandela udwi olusheshayo nolubukhali. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ipiki ihlale igwinya inyamazane ebanjiwe kuphela kusuka engxenyeni yekhanda, noma ngabe isisulu sibanjwe emzimbeni wonke.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngezinsuku ezifudumele nezishisayo kakhulu, ngisho namaphayiphi amakhulu akhetha ukuphuma aye emanzini angajulile agcwale imisebe, ngakho-ke ungabona kaningi inqwaba yezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezisendaweni engaphansi kwekota yemitha eduze nogu lolwandle.
Ngisho nosayizi omkhulu kunabo bonke, ama-pikes amadala akhetha ukutholakala emanzini angajulile, ngakho-ke, amacala ayaziwa lapho izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zabanjwa ngabadobi emanzini echibi elincane, ekujuleni okungadluli uhhafu wemitha. Kumuntu odla amanzi, okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo kubalulekile, ngakho-ke, emadanyini amancane kakhulu, izinhlanzi zingafa ebusika obude futhi obuneqhwa kakhulu. Futhi, izinhlanzi zingafa lapho inani lomoya-mpilo endaweni yasemanzini lehla laya ku-3.0 mg / litre.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amapiki ahlala elinda inyamazane yawo kuphela lapho kukhona noma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhosela.... Isibonelo, abantu abadala abakhulu kunabo bonke, ngokungafani nepiki encane kakhulu noma esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, bangatholakala ngokujula okwanele, kepha umhlaseli usazofuna ukuthola ulwelwe oluningi noma izinkuni ezikhukhulayo. Lapho kuhlaselwa isisulu, abameleli bezinhlobo baholwa umugqa ohlangothini nokubona.
Mangaki amapiki ahlala
Ukuze unqume kahle ubudala bepiki, ama-vertebrae enhlanzi edlayo ayasetshenziswa. Ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlanzi eziningi zibonakala ngempilo emfushane yeminyaka engaba mihlanu, iminyaka yobudala yeminyaka eyikhulu yomndeni wakwaSchukovye, isigaba senhlanzi esinqunyelwe i-Ray kanye ne-oda efana nePike imvamisa ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunenganekwane ngokusho ukuthi ipiki encane yakhishwa yiNkosi uFrederick waseJalimane, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-267 lesi silwanyana sabanjwa ngabadobi, sasinesisindo esingu-140 kg nobude obungu-570 cm.
Izinhlobo zePike
Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezihlukile njengamanje zingezohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwePike. Zonke izinhlobo ze-pike zihluke ngokuphawulekayo endaweni yokuhlala, izici zokubukeka nezinye izici:
- I-pike ejwayelekile (Esox lucius). Ungummeleli ojwayelekile futhi omningi kakhulu wohlobo, ohlala engxenyeni ebalulekile yemizimba yamanzi amasha emazweni aseNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia, lapho ihlala emahlathini nasemanzini amile, eduze nengxenye yasogwini yemizimba yamanzi;
- WaseMelika, noma I-pike eboshwe obomvu (Esokh américanus). Lezi zinhlobo zihlala ngokukhethekile engxenyeni esempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika futhi zimelwe yizinhlayiya ezinhlobonhlobo: i-redfin pike esenyakatho (i-Esokh américanus américanus) nepiki yaseningizimu noma yotshani (I-Esox americanus vermiculatus). Bonke abamele ama-subspecies bakhula bafike kubude obungu-30-45 cm nesisindo sekhilogremu elilodwa, futhi bahluke empumulweni efinyeziwe. I-pike eseNingizimu ayinazo amaphiko anombala osawolintshi;
- Pike kaMaskinong (Esokh masquinоngy). Okungokwezinhlobo ezingavamile, kanye nabamele abakhulu emndenini. Leli gama kungenxa yamaNdiya abhabhadisa inhlanzi enjalo "i-pike embi". Igama lesibili lesidalwa esisemanzini - "i-pike enkulu", latholakala yinhlanzi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuhle kakhulu. Abantu abadala bangafika kahle kubude obuyi-180 cm bese bekala kufika ku-30-32 kg. Umbala ungaba ngesiliva, nsundu ngoku nsundu noma luhlaza okotshani, kanti ingxenye eseceleni imbozwe ngamabala noma ngemivimbo emile;
- Mnyama, noma I-pike emthende (I-Esox nigеr). Abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo bakhula bafike kubude obungu-55-60 cm ngesisindo ebangeni elingu-1.8-2.0 kg. Ngokubukeka, umhlaseli ufana nepiki ejwayelekile yasenyakatho. Isisindo sommeleli omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi owaziwayo manje walezi zinhlobo seqe kancane amakhilogremu amane. I-pike emnyama inephethini yohlobo lwe-mosaic etholakala ezinhlangothini, kanye nomugqa omnyama ohlukile ongaphezulu kwamehlo;
- I-Amur pike (Esokh reiсherti). Bonke abameleli balezi zinhlobo bancane kunaleso se-pike ejwayelekile. Abantu abadala abakhulu kakhulu bakhula baba cishe u-115 cm futhi banesisindo somzimba esingu-19-20 kg. Isici esithile ubukhona besiliva elincane noma izikali eziluhlaza okotshani. Umbala we-Amur pike ufana nombala wezikali ze-taimen, ngenxa yobukhona bezindawo eziningi ezimnyama nsundu ezisakazeke ebusweni bomzimba wonke, kusukela ekhanda kuye emsileni.
Futhi, uhlobo lwe-pike yase-Italiya (i-Esox cisalrinus noma i-Esox flaviae), eyahlukaniswa okokuqala eminyakeni eyisikhombisa eyedlule futhi ngaphambili yayithathwa njengezinhlayiya zepiki ejwayelekile, icwaningwe kahle. Okungaziwa kancane yi-Aquitaine pike (Esokh aquitanicus), eyaqala ukuchazwa eminyakeni emine eyedlule futhi ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi eFrance.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu abahlanganisiwe abakwazi ukuzala ezimweni zemvelo, futhi kungalesi sizathu ukuthi abantu babo abazimele abekho njengamanje.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlala emanzini amaningi eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia. Bonke abameleli bepike yaseningizimu noma yotshani (i-Esox americanus vermiculatus) bahlala emanzini aseMississippi, nasemizileni yamanzi egelezela olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amapiki angatholakala kahle emanzini anosawoti olwandle oluthile, kufaka phakathi amatheku aseFinland, eRiga naseCuronia oLwandle iBaltic, kanye naseTaganrog Bay oLwandle i-Azov.
I-pike emnyama noma enemigqa (i-Esox niger) isilwane esidumile saseNyakatho Melika esihlala emanzini amachibi nemifula egcwele ngokweqile ukusuka ogwini oluseningizimu yeCanada kuya eFlorida nangaphesheya, eGreat Lakes naseMississippi Valley.
I-Amur pike (i-Esokh reisherti) yisakhamuzi esijwayelekile semizimba yemvelo esiQhingini saseSakhalin kanye noMfula i-Amur. Ipiki yaseMtalyan (i-Esokh cisalrinus noma i-Esok flaviae) yisakhamuzi esijwayelekile semizimba yamanzi enyakatho nasenkabeni ye-Italy.
Ukudla kwepiki
Isisekelo sokudla kwepiki kubamele izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ezibandakanya i-roach, i-perch ne-ruff, i-bream, i-silver bream ne-gudgeon, i-char ne-minnow, kanye ne-sculpin goby. Lesi sidalwa sasemanzini asideleli ngisho nabamele bohlobo lwazo. Entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amaxoxo nama-tench crayfish adliwa ngokulangazelela yisilwane esikhulu kakhulu.
Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho ipiki ibamba futhi idonse amachwane amadada amancane ngaphansi kwamanzi, hhayi amagundane amakhulu kakhulu namagundane, kanye nezikwele kanye nezidudla ezijwayele ukubhukuda ziwele imifula ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwemvelo.... Amapiki amakhulu kunawo wonke ayakwazi ukuhlasela ngisho namadada amadala, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinyoni, lapho izinyoni ezinjalo zingakwazi ukuphuma echibini liye emoyeni. Kumele kuqashelwe nokuthi izinhlanzi, isisindo nobude bazo obungu-50-65% wesisindo nobude besidalwa sasemanzini uqobo, kuvame ukuba yizisulu kumuntu omdala nophansi omkhulu.
Ngokusho kososayensi abafunde kahle isabelo se-pike, ukudla kwalolu dliwayo olumaphakathi emanzini kuvame ukubuswa inani eliphansi nezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke, i-pike njengamanje iyisici esidingekayo somnotho wezinhlanzi onengqondo. Ukungabikho kwale nhlanzi kuvame ukuba yisizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda okubukhali nokungalawuleki kwenani le-perch noma i-ruff encane.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ezimweni zamachibi emvelo, ama-pike abesifazane aqala ukuzala cishe ngonyaka wesine wokuphila, nabesilisa - kowesihlanu. UPike uzala ezingeni lokushisa elingu-3-6 ° C, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa selincibilikile, eduze nogu lolwandle, ekujuleni okungama-50-100 cm. Esigabeni sokuzala, inhlanzi ingena emanzini angajulile noma ichichima ngokwanele ngokwanele. Njengomthetho, abantu abancane kakhulu baphuma kuqala bayozala, kanti abamele abakhulu bezinhlobo yibo abokugcina.
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pike igcina ngamaqembu, aqukethe cishe abesilisa abathathu kuya kwabahlanu nowesifazane oyedwa. Owesifazane onjalo uhlala ebhukuda ngaphambili, futhi wonke amadoda ayamlandela, kepha asalele ngemuva ngengxenye yomzimba wabo. Izidleke zesilisa kowesifazane noma zigcina indawo engaphezulu komhlane wakhe, ngakho-ke ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi noma amaphiko ayo asemuva angabonakala ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Ngenkathi yokuzala, lezi zilwane zigcobhoza izimpande, izihlahla neziqu ze-cattail kanye nomhlanga noma ezinye izinto, futhi zihambahamba lapho zizalela khona bese zibekela amaqanda. Ukuphela kokuzala kuzala ngokuqhuma okukhulu, kuyilapho abesifazane abanjalo bengagxuma baphume emanzini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhula kukafry kuthatha isonto elilodwa noma amabili, kanti ukudla kwamafry ekuqaleni kumelelwa ama-crustaceans amancane, kamuva ngokufrywa kwezinye izinhlanzi.
I-pike eyodwa yowesifazane, ngokuya ngosayizi wayo, ingafaka kusuka emaqanda amakhulu ayizinkulungwane eziyi-17 kuya ku-210-215 amakhulu futhi angenamathele ngobubanzi obungu-3.0 mm. Cishe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ukuncipha kwamaqanda kuyanyamalala ngokuphelele, futhi zisuka kalula ezitshalweni, ngenxa yalokho inqubo yentuthuko yazo eyengeziwe yenziwa kuphela ezansi echibini. Ukwehla okusheshayo kwamanzi ngemuva kokuzala kuveza ukufa kwamaqanda amaningi, futhi lesi simo sivame ukubonwa emachibini anezinga lamanzi eliguqukayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Abaningi babheka i-pike njengesilwane esidla igazi futhi esiyingozi, kodwa izinhlanzi ezinjalo ngokwazo zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezinjenge-otters nezimpondo ezinama-bald. E-Siberia, izilwane zasolwandle ezinkulu ngosayizi azivamile impela, okuchazwa ngokuncintisana kwazo ne-taimen, ezingakwazi ukubhekana kalula ne-pike esayizi efanayo.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Saika
- Kaluga
- I-Sturgeon
- IBeluga
Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, ama-pikes anesinye isitha esiyingozi - i-catfish enkulu. Futhi, izitha zemvelo zepiki encane noma ephakathi nendawo ama-perches nama-rotan, noma izidalwa ezinkulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-pike perch. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-pike ingeyesigaba sezindondo ezihlonishwayo, kepha ezingavamile kakhulu kumdobi, ngakho-ke ukubanjwa kwalezi zinhlanzi bekuyisikhathi eside kukhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Emachibini ase-Middle, Southern naseNyakatho Urals, i-pike ingomunye wabamele abavame kakhulu be-ichthyofauna yendawo, kodwa umhlaseli onjalo akavamile njengento yocwaningo olukhethekile. Esikhathini esithile esidlule, inani elikhulu le-pike enkulu latholakala emachibini, adla izihlobo ezincane, ezenza ukuthi kugcinwe kahle ikhwalithi yabantu ezingeni eliphakeme ngokwanele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuvamile, kuyo yonke imizimba yamanzi ehlolwe, izinhlanzi ezidlayo zidlala indima yohlobo oluthile lwe-meliorator yezinto eziphilayo kanye nento ebalulekile yokuhweba.
Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukubanjwa kwepiki enkulu kwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukwakheka kwabantu bezilwane zasemanzini. I-pike encane manje ijwayele ukuzala kuphela isencane, ngakho-ke inani lezinhlanzi ezincane landa ngokushesha. Le nqubo yemvelo ibangela ukwehla okuphawulekayo ngosayizi wesilinganiso sabantu. Kodwa-ke, isimo samanje sokulondolozwa kwepiki asikhathazeki kangako.
Inani lokuhweba
UPike ukhuliswa kabanzi emapulazini anamuhla echibini. Inyama yalesi sidalwa sasemanzini iqukethe u-1-3% wamafutha, okwenza kube umkhiqizo wokudla onempilo kakhulu.... IPike ayiyona nje inhlanzi edume kakhulu yezentengiselwano, kepha futhi iklanywa ngenkuthalo ngama-nursery echibini futhi iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwezokudoba kwezemidlalo nakwezamateur.
