I-Waxwing (iBombycilla) iyinyoni yomndeni we-monotypic we-waxworms (Bombycillidae), okubandakanya izinhlobo ezintathu. Esikhathini esithile esidlule, ama-waxwings ayengawomndeni omncane weSilk waxwings, kepha manje bangabameleli bomndeni ohlukile uPtilogonatidae.
Incazelo waxwings
I-Waxwing - izinyoni zincane ngosayizi, kepha zinombala ogqamile futhi obonakalayo... Namuhla, izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ziyaziwa futhi zichaziwe, zakha imindeni embalwa: ama-waxwings alky kanye nama-waxwings. Phambilini, zonke lezi zinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye bezingamalungu omndeni owodwa. Zonke izinyoni ezivela ku-Passeriformes oda kanye nomndeni we-Wormwing zihlukaniswa ngokubonakala okuhle kakhulu nokukhangayo, kepha ukufiphala kocansi ezinyoni ezinjalo akuchazwanga kahle.
Ukucula ama-waxwings kufana ne-trill iridescent trill "sviriri-ri-ri-ri" noma "sviriri-sviriri", efana kakhulu nomsindo womtshingo, yingakho igama elingajwayelekile kangaka lohlobo. Ukundiza kwabamele umndeni we-monotypic wama-waxwings kuqondile futhi kushesha ngokwanele.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala abudluli ku-18-23 cm, ngesisindo esimaphakathi sama-55-68 amagremu. Ama-waxwings ane-crest ebonakalayo kahle ekhanda. Umbala ubomvana ngokumpunga, unamaphiko amnyama, unemigqa ephuzi nokumhlophe. Umsila, isifunda somphimbo nomugqa odlula ngamehlo kumnyama ngombala. Amathiphu ezinsiba zezindiza zesibili anokubonakala kwamapuleti amancane abomvu agqamile ahlukaniswa ngokusobala kuphela lapho ehlolisiswa. Umugqa ophuzi ophawuleka kakhulu ugijima onqenqemeni lomsila, futhi ephikweni kukhona umugqa omncanyana omhlophe.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinokwehluka okuthile kwangaphandle. I-Amur, noma i-waxwing yaseJapan (iBombysilla jaronise) inyoni encane yezingoma enomzimba ongaba amasentimitha ayi-15-16 ubude.Inezihloko ezibomvu zezimpaphe zomsila namaphiko abomvu. I-American, noma umsedari we-waxwing (iBombysilla cedrŠ¾rum) unombala ogqamile futhi obonakalayo, kanti i-waxwing ejwayelekile (iBombysilla gŠ°rrulus) inezimpaphe ezithambile ezingasilika, ikakhulu ezinsundu ezinokumakwa okumnyama nokuphuzi.
Kuyathakazelisa!Amajita angaphambi kwe-molt yokuqala ekwindla anombala onsundu onsundu, anesisu esimhlophe ngokunsundu, kanti izimpaphe zezinkukhu zibonakala ngokuba khona kwesivumelwano se-chestnut nombala ophuzi othuthukile emsileni nasemaphikweni.
Uqhwaku lwale nyoni lufushane futhi lubanzi ngokuqhathaniswa, lufana nomlomo womcuphi, onesiqiniseko esiqondile nesicaba esigobekile se-mandible. Imilenze yenyoni iqinile, inezinzipho ezigobile, ezilungiselelwe kahle ukubamba amagatsha, kepha hhayi ukuhamba ngokushesha. Umsila mfushane. Kunezimpaphe zomsila zobude obulinganayo. Izimpiko zezinyoni mide ngokwedlulele, kanti isihloko sakhiwa uphaphe lwesithathu oluyinhloko nophaphe lokuqala oluyisisekelo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
I-Waxwing, ezimweni eziningi, inyoni ehlala phansi kakhulu, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzalisa okusebenzayo, abameleli bezinhlobo zezilwane bakhetha ukuzigcina emihlambini emikhulu, ethutheleka kakhulu ifuna isabelo sokudla esiningi. Izinyoni ezinjalo zine-molt eyodwa ephelele phakathi nonyaka, lapho kwenzeka kubantu abadala ngo-Okthoba nangoNovemba. Izinyoni ezisencane ziyahlukahluka ngokuncibilika, ngakho-ke, ziqala ukushintsha ingubo yazo yamachwane ngezimpaphe zokuqala zasebusika eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yehlobo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zikaSepthemba zabamele umndeni we-monotypic we-waxwings kakade ngalesi sikhathi zithole isici sombala omnyama endaweni yomphimbo. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokuqala yasekwindla, izimpaphe ezincane kakhulu ziyaphuma kule nyoni, futhi umsila nezimpaphe eziyinhloko zihlala zingashintshi kuze kube ukuwa konyaka olandelayo.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani i-waxwing
I-waxwing ingenye yezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zondlunkulu abavamile, futhi isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwenyoni enjalo endaweni yayo yemvelo cishe iminyaka eyishumi nambili. I-Waxworms ivame ukugcinwa ekuthunjweni, kepha izinyoni ezinjalo ziba nokuthambeka ngokweqile.... Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa, impilo yesilwane esifana nokucula ingahlala cishe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Amur, noma i-waxwing yaseJapane, ihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ezweni lethu, izinyoni ezinjalo zivamile endaweni yesifunda sase-Amur nasenyakatho yePrimorye. Ebusika, i-waxwing yaseJapan ifudukela eJapan naseKorea, kanye nengxenye esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. I-American, noma i-waxwing yemisedari, ihlala emahlathini avulekile eCanada nasenyakatho ye-United States of America.
Indawo ebusika yezinyoni ezinjalo inabile impela futhi ifinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu yeMelika Ephakathi, futhi ama-waxwings andizela ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Ukraine, indawo yaseCrimea, iNorth Caucasus naseTranscaucasia. Imvamisa itholakala esizibeni soMfula iVolga nasemlonyeni we-Urals, endaweni yaseTurkmenistan nase-Uzbekistan, eTajikistan, naseKazakhstan naseKyrgyzstan.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-biotope imelwe ikakhulukazi yizindawo ze-coniferous ne-birch zehlathi-i-tundra noma i-taiga, equkethe uphayini kanye ne-spruce, i-birch, kepha engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSiberia ama-waxwings aphawulwa ngesikhathi sokudlela phakathi kwehlathi le-larch.
I-waxwing ejwayelekile isabalele kakhulu endaweni yehlathi le-taiga eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Izinyoni zalo mndeni zihlala endaweni yama-conifers amancane kanye nezindawo ezixubekile zamahlathi, ezintabeni ezinotshani, kanye nasekuhlanzweni. Ukufuduka kwezinyoni kuya eningizimu kwenziwa yonke indawo hhayi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo noma kweqhwa.
Cishe yonke indawo ama-waxwings ashiya amazwe abo omdabu hhayi ngaphambi kwesikhathi maphakathi nenyanga yokuqala yasekwindla. Imihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni itholakala kusukela ekwindla kuye engxenyeni yokuqala yobusika. Ukunyakaza kwentwasahlobo kuya enyakatho, njengomthetho, kufezwa ngemihlambi emincane.
Ukudla okumnandi
Ama-Amur, noma ama-waxwings aseJapan adla kakhulu ekudleni okunjalo kwezitshalo njengezithelo namajikijolo. Entwasahlobo, lezi zinyoni ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi zisebenzisa amahlumela ezitshalo ukudla, futhi lapho kuqala ihlobo, ukudla okuyisisekelo kwenyoni kufakwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane eziyingozi. Izinyoni ezivame ukugcinwa emihlambini emikhulu, zivame ukubamba izinambuzane endizeni, ziphinde zidle izibungu kanye namahlumela amancane ezitshalo.
Kusukela ezitshalweni zamajikijolo ehlobo, izinyoni zithanda i-viburnum, i-lingonberry ne-mistletoe. Izinyoni zibuye zidle ama-hawthorn, amajikijolo ase-Siberia ama-apula, umjunipha, i-rosehip ne-buckthorn. Ngenkathi ebandayo yasebusika, imihlambi yezinyoni ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezihlala endaweni emaphakathi yezwe lethu, lapho zidla kakhulu amajikijolo e-rowan.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-waxwing ejwayelekile, esakazeke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu nakuma-biotopes ahlukene, izidleke emahlathini avulekile, ezihlahleni ezivuthiwe... Izinyoni zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zinonyaka owodwa. Isikhathi sokudlela esishubile siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Engxenyeni engenhla yezihlahla, izinyoni ezindala zakha isidleke esimise okwendishi. Ukuthola isidleke esithembekile, izinyoni zisebenzisa utshani, izinwele, ubulembu namagatsha ama-conifers. Ithileyi esidlekeni ifakwe ulwelwesi oluthambile noluthambile ngegxolo le-birch, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona izinaliti zomsedari kuthileyi. Esikhathini esiningi, insimu yomngcele wehlathi isetshenziselwa ukwakha izidleke, eduze nemizimba yamanzi namanye amabhangqa okuhlala kuwo.
Njalo ngonyaka i-waxwing ifuna umlingani omusha. Ukujola kowesilisa kowesifazane nakho kuqukethe ukondla amajikijolo omlingani wakhe. Insikazi izalela amaqanda amane kuya kwayisithupha ombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamachashaza amnyama ngokunsomi. I-Oviposition ifakwe kuphela ngabesifazane amasonto ambalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa unakekela ukudla, okungamelwa yizinambuzane nezithelo zezilimo zamajikijolo. Inzalo ezalwayo iba nokuzimela ngokuphelele ngemuva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu.
Kuyathakazelisa! U-Agasti yisikhathi sokukhuliswa ngobuningi kwawo wonke amachwane azalwe ngonyaka wamanje ephikweni nokwakhiwa okulandelayo komhlambi wasebusika.
Ama-Amur, noma ama-waxwings aseJapane esidlekeni sezindawo ze-larch nezomsedari, futhi isikhathi sokuhlangana senzeka ngasekupheleni kobusika. Ukubeka amaqanda, owesifazane walolu hlobo wakha isidleke esincane, esivame ukutholakala emagatsheni angaphandle amancane ezihlahla ezide. Insikazi igcwalisa isidleke esiphelile ngemicu yesitshalo. I-clutch eyodwa enjalo iqukethe amaqanda amabili kuya kwayisikhombisa ombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inqubo yokufaka amaqanda ihlala ngokwesonto elilodwa, futhi sonke isikhathi sokuzala singathatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-16-24. Zombili izinyoni ngazimbili zondla amaphuphu achanyuselwe.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinyoni zezingoma ezi-Waxwing namuhla zingumthombo wokudla okuncanyelwayo kwezilwane eziningi zasendle nezinyoni ezidla inyama, ngakho-ke, izinyoni ezinjalo zidlala indima ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla kwemvelo. Izitha eziyinhloko ze-waxwings zimelelwe ama-martens, ama-weasel kanye nama-hawk, ama-magpies namagwababa, kanye nezikhova.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlobo ayinayo imibala evikelayo, ngakho-ke izinyoni ezindala ezikhanyayo zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye, futhi amaqanda adliwa ngenkuthalo ngabamele ama-mustelids kanye nezikwele.
Izinyoni ezincane, ezinjengezinhlobo ezintathu zomndeni we-monotypic we-waxwings, zibhubhisa ngenkuthalo izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi, futhi zivikele ngempumelelo ukwanda okukhulu kwabantu. Phakathi kokunye, ama-waxing aphakathi kwabasabalalisi bembewu yemvelo bezitshalo eziningi futhi abamba iqhaza ekusakazekeni okukhulu kwezinye izitshalo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ezinye izinhlobo ezaziwayo ze-waxwings zihlala zingafundwanga kahle okwamanje, kepha ngokwe-IUCN, inani elijwayelekile lezinyoni ezinjalo likhulu impela, ngakho-ke isimo salo asikwazi ukubangela ukukhathazeka ososayensi. Noma kunjalo, kuze kube manje i-Amur waxwing ifakiwe emakhasini eRed Book.
Ukwehla kwenani eliphelele labamele lolu hlobo lwenziwe lula ukuthunjwa okungalawuleki kwabantu abondizela ebusika eChina, lapho izinyoni ezinjalo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izitsha ezahlukahlukene noma zigcinwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezinamaphiko okuhlobisa.
