Izinyoka ze-Spearhead (i-Bothrops asper) nge-oda le-scaly.
Ukusabalala kwezinyoka ezihola phambili.
Ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kwezinyoka ezihola phambili kuhlanganisa nogu olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, i-Ecuador, iVenezuela, iTrinidad nokuqhubekela phambili enyakatho neMexico. EMexico naseMelika Ephakathi, lezi zinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zitholakala enyakatho neNingizimu Tamaulipas naseningizimu eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNhlonhlo Yucatan. Ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi ezingasogwini lwe-Atlantic eceleni kweNicaragua, iCosta Rica nePanama, kanye nasenyakatho yeGuatemala naseHonduras, ePeru, eColombia, ibanga lisukela oLwandlekazi iPacific luye oLwandle lweCaribbean nasekujuleni kwezwe.
Indawo yokuhlala izinyoka zomkhonto.
Izinyoka zomkhonto zitholakala ikakhulukazi emahlathini emvula, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphandle zama-savanna, kodwa futhi zihlala kwezinye izindawo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izindawo eziphansi nezindawo eziphansi zezintaba, izifunda ezomile zamanye amahlathi ashisayo aseMexico. Zithanda umswakama ophakeme, kepha izinyoka ezindala nazo zihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ngoba azisengozini yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunezingane. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka luvela ezindaweni ezisanda kususelwa izitshalo zezolimo emazweni amaningi. Izinyoka zomkhonto zaziwa ngokukhwela ezihlahleni. Zalotshwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka olwandle kuze kufike kumamitha angama-2640.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zezinyoka ezinekhanda.
Izinyoka zomkhonto zihlukaniswa yinhloko yazo ebanzi, eyisicaba, ehlukaniswe ngokusobala nomzimba.
Abamele lolu hlobo bangaba nesisindo esingama-6 kg, kanti ubude bufinyelela kusuka ku-1.2 kuye ku-1.8 m ubude.
Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezomile bayasinda ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwamanzi. Umbala wezinyoka uyahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo yezwe. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekudidekeni phakathi kwabantu nezinyoka zezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi uma zifana ngombala, kodwa zigqame ngamachashaza aphuzi noma aqatha angama-rectangular noma ama-trapezoidal. Ikhanda lenyoka ephethwe umkhonto imvamisa iba nsundu ngokunyama noma imbala umnyama ngebala. Kukhona kwesinye isikhathi imivimbo efiphele ngemuva kwekhanda. Njengamanye ama-botrops amaningi, izinyoka ezihola phambili zifika ngemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nemivimbo ehlukahlukene yangemva kokubeletha.
Ohlangothini lwe-ventral, isikhumba ngokuvamile siba phuzi, sikhilimu noma sibe mpunga mhlophe, sinemigqa emnyama (ukuhoshozela), imvamisa yayo enyukela ngasekupheleni kwangemuva.
Uhlangothi lwasemuva lungumnqumo, mpunga, nsundu, nsundu ngokumpunga, onsundu ophuzi noma ocishe ube mnyama.
Emzimbeni, oonxantathu abamnyama abanemiphetho ekhanyayo bahlukanisiwe, inani lazo elihluka kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-25. Ngezikhathi, kukhona amabala amnyama phakathi kwabo. Abanye abantu banemigqa yama-zigzag ephuzi ohlangothini ngalunye lomzimba.
Abesilisa bancane kakhulu ngosayizi kunabesifazane. Abesifazane banomzimba ojiyile nosindayo futhi bacishe baphindwe kalishumi ubukhulu besilisa. Izinsikazi ezisencane zinethiphu yomsila onsundu kanti ezeduna zinethiphu yomsila ophuzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinyoka ezihola phambili.
Ngokungafani nama-botrops amaningi, izinyoka ezinamakhanda azinazo izimo zokuncintisana kwabesilisa phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa. Imvamisa, abesifazane bahlangana nabesilisa abangaphezu koyedwa. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, lapho kuvela khona abesilisa, abesilisa bavame ukunikina ikhanda labo ngasohlangothini lwabo, insikazi iyama bese ithatha ithuba lokukhwelana.
Izinyoka ze-Spearhead zibhekwa njengezihamba phambili kunazo zonke eMelika.
Zizala ngesikhathi semvula, esibonakala ngenala yokudla. Abesifazane baqoqa izitolo ezinamafutha, okuholela ekukhishweni kwamahomoni ukukhuthaza ukuphuma kweqanda. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-8 ngemuva kokukhwelana, kuvela izinyoka ezinhlanu kuya kwezingama-86, ezinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-6.1 no-20.2 amagremu iyinye. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle zokukhiqiza kabusha, ukuvundiswa kwamaqanda kuyabambezeleka, ngenkathi isidoda sihlala isikhathi eside emzimbeni wabesifazane ngokubambezeleka kokukhulelwa. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukuzala ngobude bomzimba obungu-110 kuya ku-120 cm esithweni sangasese, kanti abesilisa bangu-99.5 cm ngosayizi.Iminyaka yokuphila isukela eminyakeni eyi-15 kuye kwengama-21, ngokusho kwedatha etholwe ema-zoo.
Ukuziphatha kwezinyoka ezihola phambili.
Izinyoka zomkhonto zihamba ebusuku, zizidla zodwa. Azisebenzi kangako phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo nezomile. Ngokuvame ukutholakala eduze kwemifula nemifudlana, zigcwala ilanga emini bese zicasha ngaphansi kwesembozo sehlathi ebusuku. Izinyoka ezincane zikhuphuka ezihlahleni futhi zikhombise ichopho elivelele lomsila wazo ukuheha inyamazane. Izinyoka ze-Spearhead zimboza ibanga elingeqi ngaphezu kwe-1200 m ubusuku ngabunye ukufuna ukudla. Ekufuneni isisulu, baqondiswa amasiginali avela kuma-heat receptors atholakala emigodini ekhethekile.
Ukudla kwezinyoka ezihola phambili.
Izinyoka zomkhonto zizingela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene. Ubukhulu bomzimba wabo nobuthi obunobuthi obedlulele kubenza bahlukaniswe njengezilwane eziyingozi. Izinyoka ezindala zondla izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, amagundane, onogwaja, onogwaja, izinyoni, amaxoxo ngisho ne-crayfish. Abantu abasha badla izibankwa ezincane nezinambuzane ezinkulu.
Indima ye-ecosystem yezinyoka ezihola phambili.
Izinyoka zomkhonto ziyisixhumanisi sokudla ezindaweni eziphilayo. Lolu hlobo lwesirhubuluzi lusebenza njengomthombo wokudla wezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezizingelayo, futhi mhlawumbe ludlala indima ekusekeleni inqwaba yama-mussorans, ayingozi ezinyokeni ezinobuthi ezinamakhanda. Izinyoka ezinekhanda le-Lance zingukudla kokhokho bokuhleka, ikhayithi lenkonjane, kanye ne-crane hawk. Ziba yizisulu zemibungu, ama-raccoon, ama-buzzards asemgwaqweni. Izinyoka ezincane zidliwa ezinye izinhlobo zenkalankala nezicabucabu. Izinyoka zomkhonto uqobo lwazo nazo ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye ezibalulekile ku-ecosystem futhi, ngakho-ke, zilawula inani labantu bendawo bama-possum, amagundane, izibankwa, kanye nama-centipedes.
Okusho umuntu.
Izinyoka zomkhonto ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinesihlungu, nokufa okuningana okwaziwayo ngenxa yokulunywa yilezi zinyoka kulo lonke uhla lwendawo. Ubuthi bunomphumela wokopha, we-necrotic kanye ne-proteolytic. Endaweni yokuluma, i-edema eqhubekayo, inqubo ye-necrotic iyakhula futhi kuba nobuhlungu obumangalisayo. Izinyoka zomkhonto zinikeza izinzuzo ezithile, zondla amagundane amancane namanye amagundane adala umonakalo kubalimi.
Isimo sokongiwa kwezinyoka ezihola phambili.
Inyoka yomkhonto ihlukaniswe ngokuthi "uhlobo olungakhathazeki kakhulu." Kepha ukwanda kwamadolobha, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcola kanye nokuthuthuka kwezolimo konke kubanga izinyoka ezimbalwa ezwenikazi laseMelika. Kwamanye amazwe, ukusungulwa kwamasimu amasha ekhofi, ubhanana nokhokho kunomthelela ekuchumeni kohlobo. Inyoka yomkhonto ikwazi ukuguquguquka kalula, kepha ezinye izindawo zibhekene nokwehla kwamanani, engisola ukuthi kubangelwa izinguquko ezinqala emvelweni kanye nokuntuleka kokudla.
