Ukhozi lukaSteller (Haliaeetus pelagicus) noma ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller lungelokuhleleka kweFalconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokhozi lukaSteller.
Ukhozi lukaSteller lunosayizi ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-105.Umphiko ungamasentimitha angu-195 - 245. Isikhathi sokuqopha sifinyelela kuma-287 cm.Isisindo senyoni edla inyama sisuka ku-6000 kuye ku-9000 gram. Lesi ngesinye sezinkozi ezinkulu kakhulu. I-silhouette yayo ibonakala kalula lapho indiza ngamaphiko ayo akhethekile amise okwesigwedlo nangomsila omise okweqanda. Izeluleko zamaphiko azifinyeleli esicongweni somsila. Iphinde ibe nomlomo omkhulu, ovelele futhi ogqamile.
Izimpaphe zenyoni edla inyama zinombala onsundu onsundu, kepha isiphongo, amahlombe, okhalweni, umsila ngaphezulu nangaphansi umhlophe ngokukhazimulayo. Imivimbo eminingana empunga iyabonakala esigqokweni nasentanyeni. Izimpaphe ezinsinini zakha "amabhulukwe" amhlophe.
Ikhanda nentamo zimbozwe imicu emifushane futhi emhlophe, enikeza izinyoni ukuthinta izinwele ezimpunga. Izimpaphe ezimpunga zibonakala kakhulu ezinkozi ezindala. Izimpiko ezinamabala amakhulu amhlophe. Isikhumba sobuso, uqhwaku kanye nezidladla kuphuzi ngokusawolintshi. Emoyeni, ukhozi lukaSteller lubukeka lumnyama bhu ngezwi, futhi kuphela amaphiko nomsila ezimhlophe ngokuqhathaniswa nezimpaphe ezinkulu.
Umbala wezimpaphe zabantu abadala uvela eminyakeni engu-4-5 ubudala, kepha umbala wokugcina wezimpaphe usungulwa kuphela ngeminyaka engu-8-10.
Insikazi inkulu kunowesilisa. Izinyoni ezisencane zinezimpaphe ezimnyama ezinezingqimba zezimpaphe ezimpunga ekhanda nasesifubeni, kanye namabala amancane amhlophe ezimpapheni eziphakathi nasemahlangothini omzimba. Umsila ubamhlophe emaphethelweni amnyama.
Iris, umlomo kanye nemilenze kuphuzi. Endizeni, amabala amhlophe akhanyayo abonakala kusuka ngezansi esifubeni nasekhwapheni.
Isisekelo sezimpaphe zomsila simhlophe ngomugqa omnyama. Iphuzu lomsila liyindilinga ngokwengeziwe; liyadliwa ezinyonini ezindala.
Indawo yokuhlala yokhozi lukaSteller.
Impilo yonke yokhozi lweSteller ihlobene eduze nemvelo yasemanzini. Cishe zonke izidleke zitholakala ikhilomitha elilodwa nohhafu ukusuka ogwini. Izidleke zingamamitha ayi-1.6 ububanzi nemitha elilodwa ukuphakama. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinyoni ezidla inyama zihlala ogwini, ezindaweni lapho kunamadwala aphezulu anezihlahla, futhi imithambeka yamahlathi ishintshana namatheku, amachibi, imifula.
Ukhozi lukaSteller lwasakazeka.
Ukhozi lukaSteller lwenabela ngasogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Kutholakala eNhlonhlweni yaseKamchatka nasenyakatho yeSiberia. Ukuqala ekwindla, izinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller zehlela eningizimu zibheke e-Ussuri, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSakhalin Island, kanye naseJapan naseKorea, lapho belinda khona inkathi engemihle.
Izici zokuziphatha kokhozi lwe-Steller.
Ukhozi lukaSteller lusebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuzingela: kusukela ekuqamekeleni, okuyihlela esihlahleni kusuka kumamitha ayi-5 kuye kwangama-30 ukuphakama, ancike ebusweni bamanzi, ukusuka lapho iwela phezu kwesisulu sayo. Isidlakudla esinezimpaphe naso sibheka izinhlanzi, senza imibuthano enobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-6 noma ayi-7 ngaphezu kwechibi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, unenkinga yokuzingela, lapho inhlanzi iqongelela emanzini angajulile ngesikhathi sokuzala noma lapho idamu limbozwe yiqhwa, ukhozi lukaSteller luhlwitha inhlanzi eziteshini.
Futhi ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, lapho kufa u-salmon, izinkozi zibuthana ngamakhulu abantu osebeni lomfula, zidla ukudla okuningi. Uqhwaku lwawo olukhulu nolunamandla lukulungele ukudabula izingcezu ezincane bese ugwinya ngokushesha.
Lalela izwi lokhozi Steller.
Ukuzalela ukhozi lweSteller.
Izinkozi zikaSteller zizala zineminyaka engu-6 noma engu-7 ubudala. Isikhathi sokufukamela siqala kusenesikhathi ngokwanele, ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari eKamchatka, ekuqaleni kukaMashi ngasolwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Izinyoni ezimbili ezidla ezinye zivame ukuba nezidleke ezimbili noma ezintathu, ezizisebenzisa ngokunye eminyakeni edlule.
EKamchatka, izidleke ezingama-47.9% zitholakala emabhokisini, ama-37% kuma-poplar, futhi cishe ama-5% ezihlahleni zezinye izinhlobo.
Ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, izidleke eziningi zitholakala ku-larch, poplar noma emadwaleni. Bakhuliswe ngamamitha ayi-5 kuye kwangama-20 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Izidleke ziyaqiniswa futhi zilungiswe njalo ngonyaka, ukuze kuthi ngemuva kwezinkathi eziningana, zikwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha angu-2.50 ububanzi namamitha amane ngokujula. Ezinye izidleke ziyasinda kangangokuba ziyabhidlika futhi ziwele phansi, kubangele ukuthi amaphuphu afe. Kuzo zonke izithandani ezakha izidleke, ama-40% kuphela abekela amaqanda minyaka yonke. E-Kamchatka, i-clutch ivela kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi futhi iqukethe amaqanda ayi-1-3 aluhlaza okotshani. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-38 - 45. Izinkozi ezisencane zishiya isidleke maphakathi no-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba.
Ukondla ukhozi lukaSteller.
Izinkozi zikaSteller zikhetha ukondla inyamazane ephilayo kunezidumbu. Ubuningi bokusatshalaliswa kwabo buxhomeke kakhulu enanini lokudla futhi, ikakhulukazi, isalmon, yize bedla izinyamazane, izinyoni, izimpungushe zase-arctic, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nama-molluscs. Isabelo sokudla siyehluka ngokuya ngesizini, isifunda kanye nokwakheka kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezitholakalayo. Entwasahlobo, izinkozi zikaSteller zizingela izimvukuzane, izinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-herring, amadada nezimvu zamanzi ezincane.
Isikhathi salmon siqala ngoMeyi eKamchatka naphakathi noJuni oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk futhi lo mthombo wokudla utholakala kuze kube nguDisemba nango-Okthoba, ngokulandelana. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama ogwini ezindaweni ezihlala njalo zezinkozi eziyishumi, ezivame ukuhlasela amakoloni ezinyoni zasolwandle entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba kufike u-salmon. Izinkozi, ezihlala osebeni lwamachibi angaphakathi nezwe, zondla cishe izinhlanzi kuphela: utshani obuthambile, ipherch, ne-carpian carp. Kwezinye izindawo kudliwa i-whitefish, i-salmon, i-chum salmon, i-carp, i-catfish, i-pike. Izinkozi zikaSteller zizingela izingulube ezinamakhanda amnyama, ama-tern, amadada namagwababa. Bahlasela ama-hares noma i-muskrat. Kwesinye isikhathi, zidla imfucumfucu yezinhlanzi kanye nezidumbu.
Izizathu zokwehla kwesibalo sokhozi iSteller.
Ukwehla kwesibalo sokhozi iSteller kungenxa yokwanda kokudoba nokuba khona kwento ebakhathazayo abavakashi. Abazingeli badubula babambe izinyoni ezidla inyama, basikisela ukuthi izinkozi zonakalisa izikhumba zezilwane ezithengisa uboya. Kwesinye isikhathi kudutshulwa izinyoni ezidla inyama, zikholelwa ukuthi ziyazilimaza izinyamazane. Emaphethelweni emifula eseduze nemigwaqo emikhulu nezindawo zokuhlala, isici sokuphazamiseka siyanda, futhi izinyoni ezindala zishiya imvuthu.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezamukelwe nezidingekayo.
Ukhozi lweSteller luhlobo olungajwayelekile Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN luka-2004. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama lubhalwe kuRed Data Books of Asia, eRussian Federation naseFar East. Lolu hlobo lubhalwe kuSithasiselo 2 i-CITES, Isithasiselo 1 se-Bonn Convention. Kuvikelwe ngokweSithasiselo sezivumelwano zamazwe amabili eziphothulwe yiRussia neJapan, i-USA, iDPRK neKorea ngokuvikelwa kwezinyoni ezifudukayo. Ukhozi lukaSteller luvikelwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile zemvelo. iziza. Inani lezinyoni ezingandile lincane futhi lifinyelela kubantu ababalelwa ku-7 500. Izinkozi zikaSteller zigcinwa ema-zoo angama-20, kufaka phakathi iMoscow, iSapporo, i-Alma-Ata.
