Ukhozi olunomsila omude (i-Haliaeetus leucoryphus) lungoluka-oda i-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokhozi olunomsila omude
Ukhozi olunomsila omude lunobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-84. Iphiko lamaphiko lingamamitha ayi-1.8 - 2.15 ubude. Abesilisa banesisindo esisuka ku-2.0 kuye ku-3.3 kg, abesifazane basinda kancane: 2.1 - 3.7 kg.
Inhloko, umphimbo nesifuba kuxhunywe ngomsila ngomugqa omnyama onqamulezayo omnyama. Lesi sici siyinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yokunquma izinhlobo zokhozi olunomsila omude. Uma uqhathaniswa nokhozi olukhulu olunomsila omhlophe, awunawo umsila omise okonjiwe, futhi izimpiko zawo ansundu ngokuncanyana zincane futhi zinciphile. Ngemuva kubomvu, kumnyama ngezansi. Umsila umnyama nomugqa omhlophe obanzi, obonakalayo. Kukhona umugqa omhlophe kuzintambo ze-wheel arch.
Izinkozi ezisencane ezinomsila omude zimnyama ngokufana, zinomsila omnyama, kepha endizeni zikhombisa izimpiko ezinamaphethini aphakeme kakhulu, ezinomugqa omhlophe ezikhoselweni.
Inhloko ilula kunaleyo yezinyoni ezindala, futhi izimpaphe ezinokukhanya okukhanyayo zikhona engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba. Umsila awunamivimbo. Ukubukeka okungaqondakali kwezinkozi ezisencane ezinomsila omude kuyamangaza, futhi yize lapho inonyaka owodwa izimpaphe ziqala ukufana nesembozo sezimpaphe sezinyoni ezindala, kuzothatha okungenani iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu ukuba umbala ube uphawu lohlobo.
Indawo yokuhlala yokhozi olude
Ukhozi olunomsila omude luhlala endaweni eseduze yemizimba emikhulu yamanzi noma imifula yamanzi, lapho luthola khona ukudla. Isabalala kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-4000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ukhozi olunomsila omude luyasabalala
Ukusatshalaliswa kokhozi olunomsila omude kwenzeka ebangeni elikhulu kakhulu. Le ndawo isuka eKazakhstan, ingene eningizimu yeRussia, ithathe iTajikistan, iTurkmenistan, ne-Uzbekistan. Empumalanga, ngeMongolia neChina, eningizimu - enyakatho yeNdiya, iBhutan, iPakistan, iBangladesh neMyanmar. Iyinyoni efudukayo futhi ebusika eNepal futhi ayizali e-Afghanistan. Abantu abakhulu batholakala eChina, eMongolia naseNdiya. Izici zokuziphatha kokhozi olunomsila omude.
Izinkozi zasolwandle ziyizinyoni ezidla inyama ezifudukayo. EBurma, bahlala phansi, futhi bevela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho kakhulu bafudukela ebusika eNdiya naseningizimu yamaHimalaya, e-Iran nase-Iraq. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, izinkozi ezinomsila omude zikhala kakhulu, kepha isikhathi esisele izinkozi zithula du. Ukundiza kufana nokunyakaza emoyeni kokhozi olunomsila omhlophe, kepha ilula impela ngamaphiko ayo asheshayo.
Ukuzalela kokhozi olude
Izinkozi ezinomsila omude azihlali zisebenzisa izihlahla ukuphumula nokwakha izidleke. Vele, ezindaweni eziseningizimu zokusatshalaliswa, bakha isidleke sabo esihlahleni, kepha, ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala ezindlini lapho kunezinhlanga zomhlanga ezilele khona emoyeni. Isidleke sikhulu, sakhiwe kakhulu ngamahlumela futhi singaba ngamamitha amabili ububanzi.
Ngo-Mashi-Ephreli, owesifazane uvame ukubeka amaqanda amabili, okungajwayelekile ukuthi amane. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40. Izinyoni ezincane zihamba zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili, kodwa zihlala zincike kubazali bazo izinyanga ezimbalwa ezengeziwe.
Ukudla kwokhozi olude
Izinkozi ezinomsila omude zidla izinhlanzi, izinyoni zamanzi, izilwane ezincelisayo. Abazingeli amagundane anjengamagundane, futhi kuyaqabukela bedla izinhlanzi ezifile. Babheka inyamazane lapho bebaleka noma beqamekele, behleli edwaleni noma esihlahleni eside. Inqubo yokudoba ilula: izinkozi ezinomsila omude zilinda inyamazane yazo futhi zihlasele ukuze zibambe izinhlanzi ezibhukuda eduze kwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi badonsa inhlanzi enkulu kangangoba abakwazi ngisho ukuyidonsela ogwini olusogwini, noma bamane bayiphonse emanzini.
Izilwane ezinamaphiko zizingela namahansi amakhulu. Baphanga izidleke zezinkukhu, ama-tern nama-cormorants, ngisho nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, zidla amaphuphu. Bahlasela amaselesele, izimfudu kanye nezibankwa.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenombolo yokhozi olude
Ukhozi luyinyoni eyivelakancane kuyo yonke indawo. Ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala, inani lokhozi olunomsila omude liyancipha, izindawo zokwakha izidleke ziyancipha. Ukushoda kwezindawo ezilungele ukwakha izidleke zezinyoni eduze kokuphakela imizimba yamanzi, kepha kude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, kunomthelela omubi. Ukungcola kwemizimba yamanzi enezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokudla okunoshevu okhozi kuthinta kabi impumelelo yokuzalanisa. Mude, izihlahla ezibonakalayo ezizimele ezinezidleke zezinkozi ezinomsila omude ziyatholakala ukuze zihlaselwe.
Ngaphezu kokuphishekela okuqondile, ukwehla kwesibalo sokhozi olungandile olunemisila emide kwenzeka ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo, ukungcola, ukugeleza kwamanzi, noma ukwanda kokudoba emachibini.
Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla, kukhuliswa ukuphazamiseka emibusweni yamaxhaphozi. Ukwehliswa kwesisekelo sokudla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuzingela nokudoba, eminye imiphumela yokwanda kwengcindezi ye-anthropogenic inomphumela omubi.
EMyanmar naseChina ukukhula kwamasimu kawoyela negesi kuyingozi ezinyonini ezidla inyama. EMongolia, ngesikhathi kwenziwa inhlolovo ehlobo lika-2009, kwaphawulwa ukuthi amadamu amabili asanda kwakhiwa eziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ophehla amanzi ehlisa kakhulu izinga lamanzi, elehlisa inani lezindawo zokwakha izidleke.
Isimo sokongiwa kokhozi olude
Ukhozi olunomsila omude lufakiwe Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN, oluqoshwe kuSithasiselo II seCITES. Kuvikelwe yi-Annex 2 yeSivumelwano seBonn. Sivikelwe yisivumelwano samaRussia namaNdiya sokuvikelwa kwezinyoni ezifudukayo. Ukhozi olunomsila omude luwuhlobo olusengozini, olunezinombolo ezisukela ku-2 500 kuya ku-10 000.
Izinyathelo Zokulondolozwa Kwokhozi Olude
Ukuze kulondolozwe ukhozi olunomsila omude, kwenziwa ucwaningo emkhakheni wezemvelo nokuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo, kwenziwa umkhondo wesathelayithi wokufuduka kwezinyoni.
Umsebenzi owenziwa e-Asia Ephakathi naseMyanmar wasungula ukusatshalaliswa nokusongelwa kobukhona bezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikela inhlobo yezinyoni ezingandile, kuyadingeka ukudala izindawo ezivikelekile zabantu ababalulekile. Faka phakathi ekwakhiweni kwezinyathelo zemvelo:
- ukuphathwa okusimeme kwamaxhaphozi, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nokukhishwa kwemfucuza yezimboni ezungeze amaxhaphozi ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke.
- Vikela izihlahla ezisele zokwakha izidleke.
- Yenza umsebenzi wolwazi phakathi kwabahlali bendawo. Hambisa izincwajana ezinokhozi olungavamile ukusiza ekuvimbeleni ukufa kwezinyoni ngengozi.
- Phenya okuqukethwe kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezinhlotsheni zokudla ukuze uthole umphumela wazo ekukhiqizeni izinkozi ezinomsila omude.
