ILena ngumfula omkhulu kakhulu ogeleza ngokuphelele endaweni yaseRussia. Ihlukaniswa ngenani elincane kakhulu lezindawo zokuhlala osebeni kanye nenani elikhulu lezokuthutha lezifunda zeFar North.
Incazelo yomfula
Kukholakala ukuthi uLena watholakala ngawo-1620s ngumhloli wamazwe waseRussia uPyanda. Ubude baso ukusuka emthonjeni kuye ekuhlanganeni noLwandle i-Laptev ngamakhilomitha angama-4 294. Ngokungafani ne-Ob, lo mfula ugeleza udlule ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa. Ububanzi besiteshi sayo nejubane lamanje kuyahluka kakhulu kuye ngezindawo ezisendaweni ethile. Ububanzi obukhulu kunabo bonke ngesikhathi sesikhukhula sentwasahlobo bufinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-15.
Izintela ezimbili ezinkulu kakhulu zeLena yimifula i-Aldan neVilyui. Ngemuva kokuhlangana kwabo, umfula uthola ukujula kwamamitha angama-20. Ngaphambi kokugeleza oLwandle i-Laptev, lo mzila uqhekeka ube idelta enkulu ehlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-45,000.
Inani lokuhamba likaLena
Umfula ubaluleke kakhulu kwezokuthutha. Abagibeli, izimpahla kanye nokuthunyelwa kwabavakashi kuthuthukiswa kakhulu lapha. "Ukulethwa kwasenyakatho" kwenziwa kanye neLena, okungukuthi, ukulethwa kombuso okuphakathi nendawo kwezimpahla ezahlukahlukene nemikhiqizo kawoyela ezifundeni zeFar North. Umfula usetshenziselwa ngenkuthalo ukuthumela izingodo, amaminerali, ukuthuthwa kwezingxenye zokungcebeleka zemishini, uphethiloli nezinye izinto eziyigugu.
Umsebenzi wezokuthutha awunyamalali ngisho nasebusika. Eqhweni le-Lena, kubekwe imigwaqo yasebusika - imigwaqo emikhulu eqhweni elihlanganisiwe. Izithuthi zamaloli nazo zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha imithwalo iye ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Ukubaluleka kwaleli thuba kuphakeme kakhulu, ngoba empeleni akunakwenzeka ukufika kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala ngemoto entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla ngemoto.
Imvelo kaLena
Isici esiyinhloko esingcolisa lo mfula yizo zonke izinhlobo zokuvuza kukaphethiloli nowoyela. Imikhiqizo kawoyela ingena emanzini ivela emikhunjini edlulayo, izimoto eziwela eqhweni, ngenxa yokuvuza okuvela emadepho amaningana kawoyela atholakala esifundeni saseYakutsk.
Ngaphandle kwesibalo esincane sabantu abahlala eduze komfula, amanzi awo nawo angcoliswe yindle. Isibalo esikhulu sabantu siseYakutsk, futhi kunamabhizinisi amaningi ahambisa amanzi angcolile emfuleni njalo. Isimo sibuyele kwesejwayelekile ngokwethulwa kwesiteshi esisha sokuhlunga ngo-2013.
Esinye isici esithinta imvelo yimikhumbi eshonile. Ezansi koMfula iLena kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimoto zamanzi ezinophethiloli. Ukukhishwa kancane kancane kwamafutha kanye nezinto zokuthambisa kuthinta ukwakheka kwamanzi, futhi kungcolisa izimbali nezilwane.
Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo
Ukuze kugcinwe ubumsulwa bomfula omkhulu waseSiberia, kuyadingeka ukuthi ungafaki ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ngenani elingaphezu kwamanani aphezulu avunyelwe. Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka amadepho okugcina uwoyela atholakala entanjeni yasogwini ngamathuluzi nemishini yokuphendula ngokushesha lapho kuvuza khona.
Ngokwesinyathelo seHhovisi laseRospotrebnadzor eRiphabhulikhi yaseYakutia, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokwakha izindawo zokwelashwa ezengeziwe, futhi kunezinhlelo zokuphakamisa imishini ehlukahlukene eshonelwe phansi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukudlulisa izinto zanoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda kusuka ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezikhukhula ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zasentwasahlobo. Esinye isinyathelo sendlela yokulondolozwa kweLena kungaba ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yokonga ezosebenza endaweni yamanzi emfuleni unyaka wonke wokuhamba.
